[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108948-en":3,"doc-seo-108948-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},108948,1374391974564,"Clementine","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253aa45c000a9e?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779874745381141002",8,"Research & Report","Horn of Africa Regional Economic Memorandum Background Paper 1 - Economic Geography Analysis","This background paper examines the economic geography of the Horn of Africa (HoA) using the 2009 World Development Report framework, emphasizing density, distance, and division. It contrasts regional socio-economic dynamics with broader sub-Sahara Africa trends, noting recent progress alongside deep structural vulnerabilities driven by conflict, climate stress, and resource pressures. The analysis highlights how borderlands face low density and high distance that constrain economic potential, then formulates policy recommendations to remove barriers to sustainable growth.","Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \n© 2021 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK  \n1818 H Street NW  \nWashington, DC 20433  \nUSA  \nAll rights reserved  \nPhotos: Shutterstock and Unsplash.  \nHORN OF AFRICA REGIONAL ECONOMIC MEMORANDUM BACKGROUND PAPER 1  \nEconomic Geography Analysis  \n- Tom Bundervoet and Takaaki Masaki  \niv  \nCONTENTS  \n1 Introduction: Positive Recent Trends, Mostly from a Low Base .. 1  \n2 Economic Geography of the HoA: Density, Distance, and Division ..................................................................................... 7  \n2.1 Density: Spatial Distribution of Economic Activity and Living Standards ................................ 7  \n2.2 Density: Spatial Distribution of Economic Activity and Living Standards ................................ 14  \n2.3 Division: Internal and External Impediments .... 19  \n3 Policies for the lagging areas ..................................................... -  \nA Integration through spatially blind institutions and policies .............................................................. -  \nB. Investments in secondary cities ........................... -  \nC. Leveraging deeper integration across the  \nborder areas .............................................................. -  \nReferences ....................................................................................... 25  \nAppendix A ....................................................................................... 27  \nAppendix B ....................................................................................... 29  \nv  \nECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ANALYSIS  \nThe Horn of Africa (HoA) is most commonly known for its long history of strife, fragility, droughts, and seemingly intractable conflicts. A complex set of historical, ideological, political, economic, geographical, territorial, and environmental factors have created tensions within and between states, at times boiling over into inter- and intra-state violent conflicts. These conflicts have, in turn, further weakened states’ capacity to provide public services, social cohesion, and further increased the vulnerability of its population and the risk of future conflicts. Climate change is now exacerbating an already difficult situation, leading to increased tension over natural resources. Successive shocks of different kinds have led to record numbers of displaced people1 and increased migration, mostly irregular, to Gulf countries.2  \nYet the true picture of the HoA is more nuanced, with the HoA including Africa’s fastest-growing economy (Ethiopia) and East Africa’s most advanced economy (Kenya) . Despite all the challenges, real progress has been made in recent years. Per capita GDP levels in the HoA increased at an average annual rate of almost four percent between 2013 and 2018 and the share  \nof the population living below the US$1 .9 a day poverty line declined from 40 percent in 2005 to 33 percent 10 years later.3 Gains were made on non-monetary dimensions of welfare as well, with the four HoA countries for which data are available increasing their Human Development Indices.4  \nThis background note analyzes the economic geography of the Horn of Africa using the framework of the 2009 Word Development Report.5 For the purpose of this report, the Horn of Africa (henceforth HoA) comprises of five countries: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia.6 This note first seeks to provide a descriptive snapshot of recent socio-economic trends in the HoA countries vis-à-vis the regional trends in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) as a whole. Second, it sheds light on the economic geography of the HoA region with a particular focus on 3D (density, distance, and division) .7 In particular, this note highlights that borderlands of the HoA countries suffer from a combination of low density and high distance that hinders the borderlands from tapping t","cbCaiksSWPULvnWA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiksSWPULvnWA","pdf",9919249,2,1,38,"English","en",105,"# Introduction: Positive Recent Trends, Mostly from a Low Base\n# Economic Geography of the HoA: Density, Distance, and Division\n## Density: Spatial Distribution of Economic Activity and Living Standards\n## Division: Internal and External Impediments\n# Policies for the lagging areas\n## Integration through spatially blind institutions and policies\n## Investments in secondary cities\n## Leveraging deeper integration across the border areas\n# References\n# Appendix A\n# Appendix B","[{\"question\":\"What analytical framework does the paper use to study the Horn of Africa’s economic geography?\",\"answer\":\"The paper uses the 2009 World Development Report framework, focusing on 3D: density, distance, and division.\"},{\"question\":\"Which countries are included in the paper’s definition of the Horn of Africa?\",\"answer\":\"It covers Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia.\"},{\"question\":\"What problem does the paper identify for the HoA borderlands?\",\"answer\":\"Borderlands suffer from low density and high distance, which prevents them from fully tapping their economic potential.\"}]","Horn of Africa Regional Economic Memorandum Background Paper 1 - 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