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The isotopic signal tracks mean ITCZ position and Indian summer monsoon dynamics, showing rapid early-Holocene northward ITCZ displacement and decadal-to-centennial monsoon changes correlated with Greenland ice-core temperature. Middle-to-late Holocene drying follows southward ITCZ migration and decreasing solar insolation, with no abrupt mid-Holocene monsoon weakening.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/holocene-itcz-and-indian-monsoon-dynamics-recorded-in-stalagmites-from-oman-and-yemen-socotra/296078/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/holocene-itcz-and-indian-monsoon-dynamics-recorded-in-stalagmites-from-oman-and-yemen-socotra/296078.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ben ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-12","2026-09-18",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What do the oxygen isotope profiles in Holocene stalagmites indicate?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"They record precipitation fluctuations, primarily controlled by the mean latitudinal position of the ITCZ and the dynamics of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM).","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How did the mean ITCZ position change during the early Holocene?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Early Holocene d18O shows rapidly decreasing values, indicating a rapid northward displacement of the mean summer ITCZ and an associated shift in the monsoon rainfall belt.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Is there evidence for an abrupt weakening of monsoon precipitation in the middle Holocene?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"No evidence supports an abrupt middle Holocene weakening; short-lived abrupt monsoon events occur but are superimposed on a long-term decreasing precipitation trend.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},296078,1790469701,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336478951081,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Quaternary Science Reviews 26 (2007) 170–188  \nHolocene ITCZ and Indian monsoon dynamics recorded in stalagmites  \nfrom Oman and Yemen (Socotra)  \nDominik Fleitmanna,!, Stephen J. Burnsb, Augusto Manginic, Manfred Mudelseed, Jan Kramersa, Igor Villaa, Ulrich Neffc, Abdulkarim A. Al-Subbarye, Annett Buettnera,  \nDorothea Hipplera, Albert Mattera  \naInstitute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland  \nbDepartment of Geosciences, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA  \ncHeidelberg Academy of Sciences, Heidelberg, Germany  \ndMeteorological Institute, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany  \neDepartment of Earth and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sana’a, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen  \nReceived 22 February 2005; accepted 25 April 2006  \nAbstract  \nHigh-resolution oxygen isotope (d18O) profiles of Holocene stalagmites from four caves in Northern and Southern Oman and Yemen (Socotra) provide detailed information on fluctuations in precipitation along a latitudinal transect from 121N to 231N. d 18O values reflect the amount of precipitation which is primarily controlled by the mean latitudinal position of the ITCZ and dynamics of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) . During the early Holocene rapidly decreasing d18O values indicate a rapid northward displacement in the mean latitudinal position of the summer ITCZ and the associated ISM rainfall belt, with decadal- to centennial-scale changes in monsoon precipitation correlating well with high-latitude temperature variations recorded in Greenland ice cores. During the middle to late Holocene the summer ITCZ continuously migrated southward and monsoon precipitation decreased gradually in response to decreasing solar insolation, a trend, which is also recorded in other monsoon records from the Indian and East Asian monsoon domains. Importantly, there is no evidence for an abrupt middle Holocene weakening in monsoon precipitation. Although abrupt monsoon events are apparent in all monsoon records, they are short-lived and clearly superimposed on the long-term trend of decreasing monsoon precipitation. For the late Holocene there is an anti-correlation between ISM precipitation in Oman and inter-monsoon (spring/autumn) precipitation on Socotra, revealing a possible long-term change in the duration of the summer monsoon season since at least 4 . 5ka BP. Together with the progressive shortening of the ISM season, gradual southward retreat of the mean summer ITCZ and weakening of the ISM, the total amount of precipitation decreased in those areas located at the northern fringe of the Indian and Asian monsoon domains, but increased in areas closer to the equator.  \nr 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  \n1. Introduction  \nThe seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)—a narrow latitudinal zone of wind convergence and precipitation—determines the onset, duration  \n!Corresponding author. Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, 611 N, Pleasant Street, Amherst, USA.  \nTel.: +16507250927; fax: +16507252199 .  \nE-mail address: fl[eitman@geo.umass.edu](eitman@geo.umass.edu) (D. Fleitmann) .  \nand termination of the rainy season in the tropics and subtropics. Variations in the mean latitudinal position and structure of the ITCZ affects tropical and also extratropical climate on a variety of time scales, ranging from monthly to millennial. For the Holocene, paleoclimate records from many parts of the tropics now reveal that shifts in the mean latitudinal position of ITCZ were accompanied by significant changes in the hydrological cycle (e.g., An et al., 2000; deMenocal, 2000; Gasse, 2000; Maslin and Burns, 2000; Seltzer et al., 2000; Haug et al.,  \n0277-3791/$ -see front matter r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.04.012  \nD. Fleitmann et al. / Quaternary Science Reviews 26 (2007) 170–188 171  \n2001; Fleitmann et al., 2003a; Dykoski et al., 2005; Wanget al., 2005","cbCainICUdlj4XSy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainICUdlj4XSy","pdf",3496294,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What do the oxygen isotope profiles in Holocene stalagmites indicate?\",\"answer\":\"They record precipitation fluctuations, primarily controlled by the mean latitudinal position of the ITCZ and the dynamics of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM).\"},{\"question\":\"How did the mean ITCZ position change during the early Holocene?\",\"answer\":\"Early Holocene d18O shows rapidly decreasing values, indicating a rapid northward displacement of the mean summer ITCZ and an associated shift in the monsoon rainfall belt.\"},{\"question\":\"Is there evidence for an abrupt weakening of monsoon precipitation in the middle Holocene?\",\"answer\":\"No evidence supports an abrupt middle Holocene weakening; short-lived abrupt monsoon events occur but are superimposed on a long-term decreasing precipitation trend.\"}]","Holocene ITCZ and Indian monsoon dynamics recorded in stalagmites from Oman and Yemen (Socotra) | PDF",1789727895,48]