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Objective: Conduct a literature review to evaluate the role of neoplasms in people with HIV after antiretroviral therapy. Methods: Apply PRISMA, searching MEDLINE, LILACS, and COCHRANE for studies from 2010 onward. Results: From 1,341 identified records, 20 studies were included in a meta-analysis involving 2,605,869 patients; AIDS-defining neoplasms decreased while non-AIDS cancers increased. Conclusions: Incidence trends diverged, but an antiretroviral carcinogenic effect could not be confirmed, requiring further research and screening.",{"@graph":69,"@context":127},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/hiv-and-neoplasms-what-do-we-know-so-far/376878/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/hiv-and-neoplasms-what-do-we-know-so-far/376878.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ophelia","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",16,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119,123],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What was the study objective regarding HIV and neoplasms?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To assess the role of neoplasms in patients with HIV after the introduction of antiretroviral therapy.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How was the literature review conducted?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Using the PRISMA method, searching MEDLINE, LILACS, and COCHRANE for articles published from 2010 onward.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What were the main results on cancer incidence after starting antiretroviral therapy?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"AIDS-defining neoplasms showed a decreasing trend, while non-AIDS-defining cancers showed an overall increasing trend.",{"name":124,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":125},"Could the carcinogenic effect of antiretrovirals be confirmed?",{"text":126,"@type":114},"No. The review reported that the carcinogenic effect of antiretrovirals could not be confirmed, and further studies on HIV’s oncogenic role and neoplasm screening are needed.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":129,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":131,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":133,"site_id":62},376878,1790293714,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":136},{"doc_id":133,"user_id":137,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":138,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":139,"file_id":140,"file_url":141,"file_type":142,"file_size":143,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149},7971461741311,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/74000253aff267980c6?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779345379180704826","Official Publication of the Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein  \nISSN: 1679-4508 | e-ISSN: 2317-6385  \nHow to cite this article:  \nSouza TF, Sym YV, Chehter EZ. HIV and neoplasms: What do we know so far? einstein (São Paulo) . 2023;21:eRW0231 .  \nCorresponding author:  \nThais Faria de Souza  \nAvenida Lauro Gomes, 2.000-Vila Príncipe de Gales  \nZip code: 09060-650 – Santo André, SP, Brazil  \nPhone: (55 11) 98228-5296  \n[E-mail: thaisfsouza97@gmail.com](E-mail: thaisfsouza97@gmail.com)  \nReceived on:  \nJuly 4, 2022  \nAccepted on:  \nDec 18, 2022  \nCopyright the authors  \nThis content is licensed  \nunder a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.  \nREVIEW  \nHIV and neoplasms: What do we know so far?  \nThais Faria de Souza1, Yasmin Vianna Sym1, Ethel Zimberg Chehter1  \n1 Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.  \nDOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2023RW0231  \n❚ ABSTRACT  \nIntroduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic remains an important issue. In 2020, approximately 37.7 million people were living with the disease and there were more than 680 thousand deaths due to complications linked to the disease. Despite these exorbitant numbers, the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy has marked a new era, changing the epidemiological profile of the infection and related pathologies, including neoplasms. Objective: We performed a literature review to assess the role of neoplasms in patients with HIV after the introduction of antiretroviral therapy. Methods: A literature review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method, searching the MEDLINE, LILACS, and COCHRANE databases for articles published from 2010 onwards. Results: Using specific key terms, 1,341 articles were identified; two were duplicates, 107 were selected for full-text evaluation, and 20 were included in the meta-analysis. The selected studies included 2,605,869 patients. Fifteen of the 20 articles indicated a reduction in the global incidence of AIDS-defining neoplasms and 12 indicated an overall increase in non-AIDS-defining cancers after the introduction of antiretrovirals. This growth trend could be explained by a range of factors including the aging population with HIV, risky behaviors, and coinfection with oncogenic viruses. Conclusions: There was a decreasing trend in the incidence of AIDS-defining neoplasms and increasing trend in non-AIDS-defining neoplasms. However, the carcinogenic effect of antiretrovirals could not be confirmed. In addition, studies focusing on the oncogenic role of HIV and screening for neoplasms in individuals with HIV are required.  \nKeywords: HIV; Neoplasms; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Antiretroviral therapy, highly active; Carcinogenesis  \n❚ INTRODUCTION  \nGiven the high prevalence and marked mortality associated with HIV, current discussions on this topic are highly relevant. According to statistical data collected by the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), approximately 37.7 million people were living with HIV (PLHIV) worldwide by the end of 2020. Among them, 84% were aware of their serological status, and 73% had access to antiretroviral therapy. Since the beginning of the global epidemic, approximately 79.3 million people have been infected with HIV and approximately 36.3 million people have died from AIDS-related illnesses. With regard to new HIV infections in 2020 (1.5 million), a 52% reduction has been noted since its peak in 1997.(1) Furthermore, according to UNAIDS data from 2021, the risk of death from COVID-19 infection among individuals infected with HIV is twice than that of the general population.  \nThe disease caused by HIV is characterized by a progressive decline in CD4 +T lymphocytes leading to immunodeficiency. Its pathogenesis involves the life cycle of the virus and the host’s immune response. As the disease progresses  \neinstein (São Paulo) . 2023;21:1-10  ","cbCaiafeX55gonxH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiafeX55gonxH","pdf",271728,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the study objective regarding HIV and neoplasms?\",\"answer\":\"To assess the role of neoplasms in patients with HIV after the introduction of antiretroviral therapy.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the literature review conducted?\",\"answer\":\"Using the PRISMA method, searching MEDLINE, LILACS, and COCHRANE for articles published from 2010 onward.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main results on cancer incidence after starting antiretroviral therapy?\",\"answer\":\"AIDS-defining neoplasms showed a decreasing trend, while non-AIDS-defining cancers showed an overall increasing trend.\"},{\"question\":\"Could the carcinogenic effect of antiretrovirals be confirmed?\",\"answer\":\"No. The review reported that the carcinogenic effect of antiretrovirals could not be confirmed, and further studies on HIV’s oncogenic role and neoplasm screening are needed.\"}]","HIV and neoplasms: What do we know so far? | PDF",1790221923,25]