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This paper analyzes and discusses how unidimensionality can become more prevalent in educational assessments, particularly in relation to traditional points systems and 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Educational Assessment, Unidimensionality, and the Connection to Baseball Hitting Statistics\u003Cbr>Alex Romagnoli\u003Cbr>Monmouth University, [aromagno@monmouth.edu](aromagno@monmouth.edu)\u003Cbr>Follow this and additional works at: [https://newprairiepress.org/edconsiderations](https://newprairiepress.org/edconsiderations)\u003Cbr> Part of the Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research Commons, and the Other Education Commons\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License. |  |\n\nRecommended Citation  \nRomagnoli, Alex (2024) \"Hitting for Average: Educational Assessment, Unidimensionality, and the Connection to Baseball Hitting Statistics,\" Educational Considerations: Vol. 49: No. 3. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)10.4148/0146-9282.2386  \nThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Educational Considerations by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please [contact](contact cads@k-state.edu)[ cads@k-state.edu](contact cads@k-state.edu).  \nHitting for Average: Educational Assessment,  \nUnidimensionality, and the Connection to Baseball Hitting  \nStatistics  \nAlex Romagnoli  \nAbstract  \nThe traditional points system and subsequent Grade Point Average (GPA) in education  \nperpetuates an evaluation of academic performance which reflects arbitrary weighting of  \nassignments and/or assessments. As such, GPAs which are calculated using a traditional points  \nsystem are not unidimensional in their design. The baseball batting and slugging percentage,  \nwhich serves as established metrics for performance evaluations among baseball players, better  \nreflects unidimensionality. In essence, this paper puts forth an analysis and discussion which  \nposits that baseball batting average and slugging percentage can serve as an example for how  \nunidimensionality can become more prevalent in educational assessments, especially as it relates  \nto the traditional points system and GPA.  \nKeywords: assessment, unidimensionality, baseball, Grade Point Average (GPA), education  \nIntroduction  \nTeachers across disparate subject areas and through various grade levels consistently employ an  \nassessment practice which is referred to as the traditional points system (Marzano, 2006) .  \nUtilizing the traditional points system on assessments is also used to calculate a final Grade Point  \nAverage (GPA) at the end of a given marking period and is a sum of the total points received  \ndivided by the total possible points. This common practice among teachers, while sensible upon  \ninitial consideration, can be an incomplete method to assess student understanding due to  \ndifficulty in weighting diverse assessments while maintaining alignment with standards  \n(Brookhart and Nitko, 2019). Examining this style of assessment through the lens of baseball  \nhitting statistics provides insight into both the pitfalls of said assessment style and a way to  \nexplore alternatives.  \nBaseball has utilized statistics as a way to assess player effectiveness and provide needed  \ncontextualization since the sport’s beginnings in the mid-19th century (Tygiel, 2000) . Popular among those statistics is batting average, which is used to assess the production of a hitter. While  \nbatting average is a common and oft-cited metric for assessing players, its validity has come  \nunder scrutiny (James, 2003; Kenny 2016; Law, 2017). Batting average’s calculation of hits/at  \nbats is similar to the traditional points system in educational assessment as it is a statistic which  \nweighs all hits the same.  \nThis paper highlights the connection between educational assessment—mainly the traditional  \npoints system and subsequent GPA—and baseball hitting statistics. Batting average and the  \ntraditional points ","cbCaieuASZi8Q9CX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieuASZi8Q9CX","pdf",290332,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Baseball Hitting Statistics and Validity\n## Batting Average as a Metric for Assessing Players\n# Connection to Educational Assessment and GPA\n## Traditional Points System and Unidimensionality","[{\"question\":\"Why does the traditional points system and GPA raise unidimensionality concerns?\",\"answer\":\"GPAs derived from a traditional points system can reflect arbitrary weighting across assignments and assessments, which means the resulting measure is not unidimensional by design.\"},{\"question\":\"How do baseball batting average and slugging percentage relate to unidimensionality?\",\"answer\":\"These baseball metrics are presented as established performance measures that better reflect unidimensionality compared with traditional educational points-based evaluation.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the paper’s main purpose regarding educational assessment alternatives?\",\"answer\":\"It defines and examines batting average and the traditional points system, then proposes an alternative perspective by connecting standards-based assessment with baseball’s slugging percentage.\"}]","Hitting for Average: Educational Assessment, Unidimensionality, and the Connection to Baseball Hitting Statistics - Article 3 | PDF",1792094293]