[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-45819-en":3,"doc-seo-45819-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":11,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},45819,8796095461564,"Liam","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",2,"Literature","History of Western Philosophy","History of Western Philosophy offers a structured survey of major philosophical traditions from ancient Greece through medieval Catholic thought to modern doctrines. It frames thinkers and schools within their social, cultural, and intellectual contexts, moving from the Pre-Socratics and Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle to Hellenistic and Roman developments. The book then traces Catholic philosophy through the Fathers and Schoolmen, before covering the Renaissance, science, rationalism, empiricism, and later modern movements culminating in logical analysis.","History of Western Philosophy  \n‘Remains to this day the most lucid introduction to European political thought.’  \nThe Times  \n‘A survey of Western philosophy in relation to its environment, of such sweep and acuteness, alive in every nerve . . . a masterpiece of intellectual energy . . . the Socrates of our time.’  \nA. L. Rowse  \n‘This work possesses outstanding merits; it is throughout written in the beautiful and luminous prose of which Russell is a great master; the exposition and the argument are not merely classically clear but scrupulously honest.’  \nIsaiah Berlin  \n‘Bertrand Russell’s remarkable book is, so far as I am aware, the first attempt to present a history of Western philosophy in relation to its social and economic background. As such, and also as a brilliantly written exposé of changing philosophical doctrines, it should be widely read.’  \nSir Julian Huxley  \n‘It is certain of a very wide audience, and is, in my opinion, just the kind of thing people ought to have to make them understand the past . . . It may be one of the most valuable books of our time.’  \nG. M. Trevelyan  \n‘Enough ideas on each page—shocking, expansive, heretical, profound, comic—to broaden one’s mind to bursting point.’  \nGood Book Guide  \n‘Should never be out of print.’  \nThe Evening Standard  \n‘ History of Western Philosophy remains unchallenged as the perfect introduction to its subject. Russell writes with the kind of verve, freshness and personal engagement that lesser spirits would never have permitted themselves. This boldness, together with the astonishing breadth of his general historical knowledge, allows him to put philosophers into their social and cultural context . . . The result is exactly the kind of philosophy that most people would like to read, but which only Russell could possibly have written.’  \nRay Monk  \nBertrand  \nRussell  \nHistory of Western Philosophy  \n London and New York  \nFirst published 1946  \nby George Allen & Unwin Ltd, London  \nFirst published in Routledge Classics 2004 by Routledge  \n11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE  \nRoutledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group  \nThis edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.  \n“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of [eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk](eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk).”  \n© 1996 The Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation Ltd  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.  \nBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication Data  \nA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-203-48797-4 Master e-book ISBN  \nISBN 0-203-57418-4 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0–415–32505–6 (Print Edition)  \nCONTENTS  \nPreface x  \nIntroduction 1  \nBOOK ONE Ancient Philosophy 11  \nPART I The Pre-Socratics 13  \n1 The Rise of Greek Civilization 15  \n2 The Milesian School 33  \n3 Pythagoras 38  \n4 Heraclitus 46  \n5 Parmenides 55  \n6 Empedocles 60  \n7 Athens in Relation to Culture 65  \n8 Anaxagoras 68  \n9 The Atomists 71  \n10 Protagoras 80  \nPART II Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle 87  \n11 Socrates 89  \n12 The Influence of Sparta 99  \n13 The Sources of Plato’s Opinions 108  \n14 Plato’s Utopia 111  \n15 The Theory of Ideas 121  \n16 Plato’s Theory of Immortality 132  \nviii contents  \n17 Plato’s Cosmogony 142  \n18 Knowledge and Perception in Plato 148  \n19 Aristotle’s Metaphysics 157  \n20 Aristotle’s Ethics 168  \n21 Aristotle’s Politics 179  \n22 Aristotle’s Logic 188  \n23 Aristotle’s Physics 195  \n24 Early Greek Mathematics and Astronomy 200  \nPART III Ancient Philosophy after Aristotle 209  \n25 The Hellenistic World 211  \n26 Cynics and Sceptics 220  \n27 The Epicureans 230  \n28 Stoi","cbCaige1qTXkMO5B","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaige1qTXkMO5B","pdf",2724956,1,791,"English","en",105,"# Preface\n# Introduction\n# Book One Ancient Philosophy\n## The Pre-Socratics\n## Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle\n## Ancient Philosophy after Aristotle\n# Book Two Catholic Philosophy\n## The Fathers\n## The Schoolmen\n# Book Three Modern Philosophy\n## From the Renaissance to Hume\n## From Rousseau to the Present 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