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It outlines developments before 1900, then spans 1900–1939 through successive decades, highlighting the emergence of electronic digital computing. 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does the introduction focus on in this document?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It presents milestones in the development of computers, moving from early computing devices to later decades and major breakthroughs.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How are early computing devices described before 1900?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The text discusses mechanical and analog tools, including the abacus and the Antikythera mechanism, and explains how different civilizations computed.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which major historical figures are used to structure the later sections?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The document organizes key contributions around Leibniz, Boole, Frege, Cantor, Hilbert, Gödel, Turing, and von Neumann, each associated with themes in logic, mathematics, or computation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},326699,1790314160,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":36,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},8796095461610,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","01-08-12 23:44  \nHISTORY OF COMPUTER SCIENCE  \nGordana Dodig-Crnkovic,  \ne-mail: [gordana.dodig-crnkovic@mdh.se](gordana.dodig-crnkovic@mdh.se)  \nINTRODUCTION: MILESTONES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS ............... 2  \nBefore 1900: First Computing Devices.................................................................................. 2  \n1900 – 1939 The Rise of Mathematics................................................................................... 4  \n1940's: First Electronic Digital Computer.............................................................................. 4  \n1950's...................................................................................................................................... 5  \n1960's...................................................................................................................................... 5  \n1970's...................................................................................................................................... 6  \n1980's...................................................................................................................................... 6  \n1990's and Beyond .................................................................................................................. 7  \n1 LEIBNIZ: LOGICAL CALCULUS ................................................................................... 8  \nCalculus Ratiocinator ....................................................................................................... 10  \nLanguage and Mind .......................................................................................................... 11  \n2 BOOLE: LOGIC AS ALGEBRA..................................................................................... 13  \nBool’s Algebra of Logic................................................................................................... 14  \n3 FREGE: MATEMATICS AS LOGIC.............................................................................. 17  \nFrege’s Advances in Logic............................................................................................... 18  \nThe Predicate Calculus ..................................................................................................... 18  \nThe Analysis of Atomic Sentences and Quantifier Phrases ............................................. 18  \nProof................................................................................................................................. 19  \n4 CANTOR: INFINITY ...................................................................................................... 20  \n5 HILBERT: PROGRAM FOR MATHEMATICS ............................................................ 22  \nHilbert's Program.............................................................................................................. 25  \n6 GÖDEL: END OF HILBERTS PROGRAM ................................................................... 26  \n7 TURING: UNIVERSAL AUTOMATON........................................................................ 28  \nThe Turing Machine ......................................................................................................... 30  \n8 VON NEUMAN: COMPUTER ....................................................................................... 33  \nAPPENDIX 1 ........................................................................................................................... 36  \nCharles Babbage ................................................................................................................... 36  \nAugusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace ........................................................................... 39  \nAPPENDIX 2 ........................................................................................................................... 40  \nRussels paradox..................................................................................","cbCaih2Xq7Qoprni","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaih2Xq7Qoprni","pdf",252021,"English","# INTRODUCTION: MILESTONES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS\n## Before 1900: First Computing Devices\n## 1900 – 1939 The Rise of Mathematics\n## 1940's: First Electronic Digital Computer\n## 1950's\n## 1960's\n## 1970's\n## 1980's\n## 1990's and Beyond\n# 1 LEIBNIZ: LOGICAL CALCULUS\n## Calculus Ratiocinator\n## Language and Mind\n# 2 BOOLE: LOGIC AS ALGEBRA\n## Bool’s Algebra of Logic\n# 3 FREGE: MATHEMATICS AS LOGIC\n## Frege’s Advances in Logic\n## The Predicate Calculus\n## The Analysis of Atomic Sentences and Quantifier Phrases\n## Proof\n# 4 CANTOR: INFINITY\n# 5 HILBERT: PROGRAM FOR MATHEMATICS\n## Hilbert's Program\n# 6 GÖDEL: END OF HILBERTS PROGRAM\n# 7 TURING: UNIVERSAL AUTOMATON\n## The Turing Machine\n# 8 VON NEUMAN: COMPUTER\n# APPENDIX 1\n## Charles Babbage\n## Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace\n# APPENDIX 2\n## Russels paradox","[{\"question\":\"What does the introduction focus on in this document?\",\"answer\":\"It presents milestones in the development of computers, moving from early computing devices to later decades and major breakthroughs.\"},{\"question\":\"How are early computing devices described before 1900?\",\"answer\":\"The text discusses mechanical and analog tools, including the abacus and the Antikythera mechanism, and explains how different civilizations computed.\"},{\"question\":\"Which major historical figures are used to structure the later sections?\",\"answer\":\"The document organizes key contributions around Leibniz, Boole, Frege, Cantor, Hilbert, Gödel, Turing, and von Neumann, each associated with themes in logic, mathematics, or computation.\"}]","HISTORY OF COMPUTER SCIENCE - INTRODUCTION: MILESTONES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS - 1900s First Computing Devices to 1990s and Beyond | PDF",1789975116,101]