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It explains what lexicons and lexicography mean, outlines the earliest Tamil dictionary traditions, and introduces Nikandus and their historical context through successive periods up to later centuries. The work also surveys dictionaries in a broad numerical range, supported by collected source names and author/publisher publication information.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/history-of-118tamil-lexicography/489690/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/history-of-118tamil-lexicography/489690.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jasmine","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15","2026-10-01",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What 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Pedagogique,   |\n| Pondicherry-1   |\n\n\n| PUTHUVAI PAINTHAMIZH PATHIPPAKAM   |\n| --- |\n| 61-C,Kalavai Subburaya Chettiar(Vysiar)Street,   |\n| Pondicherry-1(South India)   |\n| 1967   |\n\nHistory of Tamil LexicographyAuthor's 46th Publication1967  \nAll Rights Reserved byPuthuvai Painthamizn PathippakamPondicherry-1.  \nPRICE RS.4.00  \nPrinted at Amurtha Printers,Madras-24.  \n## PREFA CE\n\nLexicography has now grown into a separate branch ofstudy in European languages.In Tamil too we have hadlexicons or dictionaries from time immemorial,but we baveno book giving an elaborate account of all of them inTamil.We find only a brief account of a few Nikandusand Dictionaries in the Tan il Lexicon of the MadrasUniversity,in the“56药西67fuiD”(Kalai Kallanchiyam)(Tamil Encyclopaedia)and in the research -articles ofThiru.S.Vaiyapuri Pillai.  \nSo a book giving detailed information about thedifferent lexicons written by various poets or scholarsfor three thousand years has been a desideratum.In orderto supply this need,I undertcck the task of doing someresearch in the field of Tamil Lexicograpby.I took greatpains to collect as far as possible all the details relating tothe different lexicons that are now available,and I havewritten a book entitled“LBu y可π固岳6&0”-ThamizhAkaraathi Kalai(Tamil Lexicography)which,I hope,willserve as a good reference book.This research work of mineis now being published.So far as I know,I think that nobook of this sort has ever been published and that mine isthe first great research work in the field of Tamillexicography.  \nI have translated the above said book into English,andthis English translation entitled“History of TamilLexicograpby\"is very concise and it is only one tenth of  \nits original in size.  I submitted this English version ofmy research work to the First International Conference-Seminare of Tamil Studies which was held in Kualalumpurin April,1966.  \nThis book consists of three parts.The first part,\"History of Lexicon in Tamil\",deals with the history of thegrowth of lexisography in Tamil.  The second part,“Nikandus”,gives an account of Dhivaakaram,Pinkalamand the other Nikandus in the form of verse.I have writtenabout more than thirty Nikandus in this chapter.The thirdPart,“Dictionaries”,deals with the dictionaries which areabout more than hundred in number.  \nI hope that Tamil scholars will welcome my work andencourage me to undertake more research works of thisnature.  \nI am greatly indebted to Mr.R.Rajagopalan,  \nB.A.,B.T.,Instructor,Centre Pedagogique,Pondicherry,whohelped me very much in translating this book into English.I take this opportunity to thank him for his kind help.  \nSUNDARA SHANMUGAM  \n## FOREWOR D\n\n(Hon'ble C.Rajagopalachariar(Rajaji),Ex.Governor General of India was kind enoughto give the following foreword to the originalwork in Tamil‘5LBjp  西π固方 历%’—TamilLexicography:)  \nmost informative and useful publi-cation.I congratulate you on thisvaluable production.  \n(Sd.)C.Rajagopalachari  \n## SOURCES\n\nName of the Book  \nTholkaappiam  \nTholkaappiam  \nIllampuuranam  \nNannoolPavannanthiarNannool-Commen-Mayilai Naathartary  \nApithaana CinthaamannTamil LexiconKalaik Kallanchiyam(Tamll Encyclo-paedia)  \nSome Essays of  \nVaiyapuri Pillai  \nThamizh AkaraathikKalai  (TamilLexicograpby)  \nAuthor  \nTholkaappiar  \nIllampuuranar  \nVarious Nikandus and DictionariesPreface verses of some NikandusIntroductions of some Nikandus and Dictionaries  \nA.Singaravelu MadaliarMadras UniversityThamizh Vallarchik-kazhakam,Madras  \nS.Vaiyapuri Pillai  \nSundara Shanmuganar  \n# Transliteration Table\n\n(தமீழ் எழுத்துக்களுக்த நேரான ஆங்கில எழுத்துக்கள்)  \nஉயிரழுத்துக்கள் - Vowels  \n\n|  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |\n\nமெய்யெழுத்துக்கன் ~ Consonants  \n\n| 2us8","cbCaiiTt9uJhXpO1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiTt9uJhXpO1","pdf",2465302,62,"English","# PREFACE\n# FOREWORD\n# SOURCES\n# Transliteration Table\n# Part I\n## History of Lexicon in Tamil\n## What is a Lexicon? - Meaning of the Art of Dictionary","[{\"question\":\"What does the book define as a lexicon and lexicography?\",\"answer\":\"It describes a lexicon as a collection of words arranged alphabetically with meanings given in a book, and presents lexicography as the art/history of building such dictionaries.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the book organized in terms of parts?\",\"answer\":\"It consists of three parts: the first covers the history of lexicography in Tamil, the second focuses on Nikandus in verse form, and the third surveys dictionaries by number and period.\"},{\"question\":\"What later sections focus on Nikandus and dictionaries?\",\"answer\":\"Nikandus are discussed as Dhivaakaram, Pinkalam, and other Nikandus across historical periods, while dictionaries are handled as a separate chapter covering dictionaries from successive centuries.\"}]","HISTORY OF 118TAMIL LEXICOGRAPHY | PDF",1790826346,95]