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It reviews how scholars characterized categories, contrasts oral transmission with written traditions, and summarizes shifts from European classical patterning toward recognition of African language syntactic uniqueness and restored historical identity.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-09-18",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",18,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Which linguistic periods are covered in the study of Sesotho syntactic categories?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study covers five periods: pre-literacy (1659–1800), historical-comparative (1800–1826), missionary (1826–1927), structural/functional (1927–1975), and modern/Chomskyan (1975 to date).","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How did early transmission of information differ from later written traditions?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"During the pre-literary period, Sesotho functioned mainly as a spoken language, with information transmitted through oral practice and performance rather than written texts, using traditions such as folklore and proverbs.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What is the modern/Chomskyan period contribution to the classification of syntactic categories?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It broadly classifies Sesotho syntactic categories by providing full descriptions and analysis of sentences, phrases, and words, identifying five broad syntactic categories including inflectional and empty categories.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},297621,1790558764,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & 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CATEGORIES  \nBY  \nMOSELANE ANDREW NHLAPO  \nSubmitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree  \nDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY  \nAFRICAN LANGUAGES  \nFaculty of Humanities  \nUniversity of the Free State  \nBLOEMFONTEIN  \nSupervisor: Dr Elias Nyefolo Malete  \n(i)  \nDECLARATION  \nI, the undersigned, declare that the Doctoral Degree research dissertation that I herewith submit for the Doctoral Degree qualification Doctor of Philosophy at the University of the Free State is my independent work and that I have not previously submitted it for a qualification at another institution of higher education. I am aware that the copyright is vested in the University of the Free State.  \nSignature:   Date: November 2021  \n(ii)  \nDEDICATION  \nThis work is dedicated to all young men and women in Mashaeng. You can still do it. Never give up.Take it from me, it could have been worse!  \n(III)  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \nWhat a ride! I would like to thank myself for pulling through. To my supervisor, Dr Malete: Thank you for your patience, kindness and understanding, and I would like to thank you for everything; I truly appreciate it! To my fans and supporters: I know you have been waiting for this one! And special thanks to everyone who helped me, I appreciate you!  \n(IV)  \nABSTRACT  \nNumerous scholars, including missionaries of various denominations of the past as well as other contemporary Sesotho linguists, have written on various aspects of the Sesotho language, especially in unpublished research theses and dissertations. However, there is no publication, which formerly traces the diachronic development of Sesotho linguistics, and in particular, the identification and classification of Sesotho syntactic categories within a particular linguistic developmental period. This research study traces the historical development of Sesotho syntactic categories. It also traces over time how various linguists have identified, described, and analyzed Sesotho syntactic categories, looking at the prominent characteristics of various linguistic periods, namely the pre-literacy period (1659- 1800), historical-comparative period (1800-1826), missionary period (1826-1927), structural/functional period (1927-1975) and modern/Chomskyan period (1975 to date) . It has been observed that during the pre-literary period, Sesotho was a spoken language and the transmission of information, history, and involvement within the Basotho was predominantly through the oral practice and performance rather thanonwritten texts. The Basotho people used oral traditions such as folklore, proverbs, riddles, songs, and stories to pass information from one generation to another. The missionaries introduced Sesotho orthography and Sesotho grammar where syntactic categories such as nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections were identified; where grammatical concepts such as case in Sesotho and its various types were also identified, the concept that was later disputed by Doke and Mofokeng. In the structural period, Doke, van Wyk, and Ziervogel identified more syntactic categories besides nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, and conjunctions. They added copulatives, interjections, and relatives. The Chomskyan period broadly classified Sesotho syntactic categories; it provides a full description and analysis of sentences, phrases, and words. It identified five broad syntactic categories, namely i) sentences as parts of speech, ii) Phrases as grammatical categories, iii) Lexical categories as syntactic categories (this category consists of nouns, verbs, copulatives, deficient verbs, adverbs, adjectives, relatives, conjunctions, prepositions, quantifiers, and enumerative), iv) Inflectional categories  \n(agreement of inflection, tense, mood, aspects, and negatives) and v) Empty categories such as pronouns, null subject, and the infinitive. Finally, this s","cbCaiv9RMt3WLqdt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiv9RMt3WLqdt","pdf",1646071,112,"English","# DECLARATION\n# DEDICATION\n# ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\n# ABSTRACT\n## Historical periods and scholarly approaches\n## Observed shifts in categorization and analysis","[{\"question\":\"Which linguistic periods are covered in the study of Sesotho syntactic categories?\",\"answer\":\"The study covers five periods: pre-literacy (1659–1800), historical-comparative (1800–1826), missionary (1826–1927), structural/functional (1927–1975), and modern/Chomskyan (1975 to date).\"},{\"question\":\"How did early transmission of information differ from later written traditions?\",\"answer\":\"During the pre-literary period, Sesotho functioned mainly as a spoken language, with information transmitted through oral practice and performance rather than written texts, using traditions such as folklore and proverbs.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the modern/Chomskyan period contribution to the classification of syntactic categories?\",\"answer\":\"It broadly classifies Sesotho syntactic categories by providing full descriptions and analysis of sentences, phrases, and words, identifying five broad syntactic categories including inflectional and empty categories.\"}]","HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SESOTHO LINGUISTICS WITH REFERENCE TO SYNTACTIC CATEGORIES - Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation | PDF",1789746334,282]