[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-41086-en":3,"doc-seo-41086-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},41086,13056703020460,"Valentina","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253dac470eee5d?_k=1778207105932848923",8,"Research & Report","Historic American Indian Tribes of Ohio 1654-1843","A historical overview of American Indian presence in Ohio from 1654 to 1843, outlining how prehistoric peoples were displaced and how later groups such as the Shawnee adapted across regions. It describes major tribal locations, travel routes formed through forests and waterways, and how trails shaped settlements and transportation. The document also surveys cultural life across housing, clothing, arts, religions, medicine, agriculture, hunting, fishing, and the fur trade, concluding with Ohio historical Indian sites, a glossary, and a timeline.","Historic American Indian  \nTribes of Ohio  \n1654-1843  \nOhio Historical Society  \n[www.ohiohistory.org](www.ohiohistory.org)  \n$4.00  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nHistorical Background~~ ~~ 03  \nTrails and Settlements ~~ ~~ 03  \nShelters and Dwellings   04  \nClothing and Dress   07  \nArts and Crafts   08  \nReligions   09  \nMedicine   10  \nAgriculture, Hunting, and Fishing ~~ ~~ 11  \nThe Fur Trade ~~ ~~ 12  \nFive Major Tribes of Ohio ~~ ~~ 13  \nAdapting Each Other’s Ways ~~ ~~ 16  \nRemoval of the American Indian   18  \nOhio Historical Society Indian Sites  20  \nOhio Historical Marker Sites   20  \nTimeline  32  \nGlossary   36  \nThe Ohio Historical Society  \n1982 Velma Avenue  \nColumbus, OH 43211  \nHISTORICAL BACKGROUND  \nIn Ohio, the last of the prehistoric Indians, the Erie and the Fort Ancient people, were destroyed or driven away by the Iroquois about 1655. Some ethnologists believe the Shawnee descended from the Fort Ancient people. The Shawnees were wanderers, who lived in many places in the south. They became associated closely with the Delaware in Ohio and Pennsylvania. Able fighters, the Shawnees stubbornly resisted white pressures until the Treaty of Greene Ville in 1795.  \nAt the time of the arrival of the European  \nexplorers on the shores of the North American continent, the American Indians were living in a network of highly developed cultures. Each group lived in similar housing, wore similar clothing, ate similar food, and enjoyed similar tribal life.  \nIn the geographical northeastern part of North America, the principal American Indian tribes were: Abittibi, Abenaki, Algonquin, Beothuk, Cayuga, Chippewa, Delaware, Eastern Cree, Erie, Forest Potawatomi, Huron, Iroquois, Illinois, Kickapoo, Mohicans, Maliseet, Massachusetts, Menominee, Miami, Micmac, Mississauga, Mohawk, Montagnais, Munsee, Muskekowug, Nanticoke, Narragansett, Naskapi, Neutral, Nipissing, Ojibwa, Oneida, Onondaga, Ottawa, Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, Peoria, Pequot, Piankashaw, Prairie Potawatomi, Sauk-Fox, Seneca, Susquehanna, Swamp-Cree, Tuscarora, Winnebago, and Wyandot.  \nOhio was occupied by numerous American Indian tribes. In the northwest, the Wyandot were located along the banks of the Maumee and Sandusky rivers; the Shawnee, in the south were located on both sides of the Scioto; the Miami occupied the valleys of the two Miami rivers; the Mingo located in the southeast between the Muskingum and Ohio rivers, and the Delaware, Ottawa, and Chippewa people were scattered throughout.  \nTRAILS AND SETTLEMENTS  \nThe original traces or paths through the dense forests of Ohio were created by animals -such as buffalo and deer- in search of food, water, and salt licks. These trails were far enough from streams to avoid swamps and lowlands and sometimes followed the ridges, and became known as “high-ways.” These paths were narrow and well worn in and difficult to travel. Because of this, early people and explorers traveled single file when they used these traces to pursue game and to get flint.  \nMore efficient travel was on streams, rivers, and lakes by canoe, then, when they could go no further, travelers would portage across the land between waters. The most important trails ran north  \nand south for they connected Lake Erie with the Ohio River. Settlements grew up along the abundant natural resources near these trails and streams and because of the ease of transportation.  \nSometime around 1583, the Spaniards introduced the horse as a means of transportation on the North American continent. Within about 100 years, the horse was ridden in the plains states to hunt buffalo. However, horses were grazers and required grasses to eat so they were not practical for the northeast as it was densely forested and lacked enough grazing areas. Grains could have been fed to the horses, but that would have meant that the American Indians would have to have sacrificed their own food. It wasn’t until more lands were cleared and grasses grew that horses became adaptable to th","cbCairxRAd4qMKLC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairxRAd4qMKLC","pdf",4586701,3,1,38,"English","en",105,"# Historical Background\n# Trails and Settlements\n# Shelters and Dwellings\n# Clothing and Dress\n# Arts and Crafts\n# Religions\n# Medicine\n# Agriculture, Hunting, and Fishing\n# The Fur Trade\n# Five Major Tribes of Ohio\n# Adapting Each Other’s Ways\n# Removal of the American Indian\n# Ohio Historical Society Indian Sites\n# Timeline\n# Glossary","[{\"question\":\"How did Iroquois expansion affect Ohio’s prehistoric Native peoples around 1655?\",\"answer\":\"The document states that the last of the prehistoric Indians in Ohio were destroyed or driven away by the Iroquois about 1655, reshaping who lived in the region afterward.\"},{\"question\":\"What were “high-ways,” and why did they matter for settlement and travel?\",\"answer\":\"High-ways were narrow, well-worn paths originally created by animals. Early people and explorers used them for pursuit and travel, and later routes along streams and trails supported the growth of settlements.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did horses become practical in Ohio only after more land was cleared?\",\"answer\":\"Horses needed grasses to graze, which were limited in densely forested northeastern areas. After land clearing increased grazing, horses became adaptable to the Ohio country.\"}]",1783318617,96,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"historic-american-indian-tribes-of-ohio-1654-1843","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/historic-american-indian-tribes-of-ohio-1654-1843/41086/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-13","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"How did Iroquois expansion affect Ohio’s prehistoric Native peoples around 1655?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The document states that the last of the prehistoric Indians in Ohio were destroyed or driven away by the Iroquois about 1655, reshaping who lived in the region afterward.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What were “high-ways,” and why did they matter for settlement and travel?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"High-ways were narrow, well-worn paths originally created by animals. Early people and explorers used them for pursuit and travel, and later routes along streams and trails supported the growth of settlements.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Why did horses become practical in Ohio only after more land was cleared?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"Horses needed grasses to graze, which were limited in densely forested northeastern areas. 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