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In Drosophila embryos, mutants disrupting Polycomb group subcomplexes show that canonical PRC deposits limited H2Aub1 at targets, while variant PRC1 drives genome-wide accumulation. In late embryos, PR-DUB yields uniform low H2Aub1, and PRC2.1 limits domain formation at HOX genes; removing PRC2.1 reduces repression defects but is largely rescued when PR-DUB is absent, via PRC2.2-mediated compensatory H3K27me3 deposition. Feedback from histone modification cross-talk supports plasticity, adaptability, and buffering of cell fate decisions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/histone-modification-cross-talk-and-protein-complex-diversification-confer-plasticity-to-polycomb-repression/418896/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/histone-modification-cross-talk-and-protein-complex-diversification-confer-plasticity-to-polycomb-repression/418896.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jordan Avery","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-29","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What histone marks define Polycomb chromatin domains in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Polycomb domains are decorated with H2A monoubiquitination at lysine 119 (H2Aub1) and H3 trimethylation at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). These marks change dynamically through actions of Polycomb group protein complexes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do canonical PRC and variant PRC1 differ in generating H2Aub1?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Canonical PRC deposits low H2Aub1 only at Polycomb target genes, whereas variant PRC1 generates most of the H2Aub1 genome-wide. In late embryos, PR-DUB further produces a uniform low-level H2Aub1 profile.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why does loss of PRC2.1 show defects that can be rescued without PR-DUB?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Reduction of H3K27me3 and repression defects from removing PRC2.1 are largely rescued in animals also lacking PR-DUB. The absence of PR-DUB leads to extensive H2Aub1 accumulation at targets, enabling compensatory H3K27me3 deposition by PRC2.2.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},418896,1790682729,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1099523882367,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Histone modification cross-talk and protein complex diversification confer plasticity to Polycomb repression  \nJacques Bonnet,1 Eva Triantopoulou,1 Jasmin Birnhäupl,1 Chenggang Lu,2 Margaret T. Fuller,2 and Jürg Müller 1  \n1Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; 2Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA  \nPolycomb chromatin domains are chromosomal regions decorated with histone H2A monoubiquitination at lysine 119 (H2Aub1) and histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). These domains are dynamically shaped through the actions of different Polycomb group protein complexes to control gene expression during development. To assess how different Polycomb group subcomplexes contribute to these histone modification profiles in Drosophila embryos, we used mutants that abrogate their function. Canonical Polycomb repressive complex (PRC)  \n1 deposits low levels of H2Aub1 solely at Polycomb target genes, whereas variant PRC1 generates the bulk of H2Aub1 genome-wide. In late-stage embryos, PR-DUB-mediated deubiquitination effectuates a uniform low-level H2Aub1 profile across the genome. The combined activities of PRC2.1 and PRC2.2 drive the formation and maintenance of most H3K27me3 domains, but PRC2.1 is the limiting enzyme for creating such domains at HOX genes. Surprisingly, reduction in the H3K27me3 level and repression defects caused by removing PRC2.1 were largely rescued in animals also lacking PR-DUB, which showed extensive H2Aub1 accumulation at Polycomb targets that promoted compensatory H3K27me3 deposition by PRC2.2. Diversification of Polycomb protein complexes combined with feedback loop mechanisms involving histone modification cross-talk equips the system with the plasticity, adaptability, and buffering capacity needed to safeguard cell fate decisions during development.  \n[Keywords: PRC1; PCGF proteins; L(3)73Ah; Psc; PRC2; PR-DUB] Supplemental material is available for this article.  \nReceived June 30, 2025; revised version accepted August 12, 2025 .  \nThe evolutionarily conserved Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are subunits of distinct protein complexes that function to maintain cell fate decisions by repressing transcription of genes that regulate development in cells where these genes need to remain inactive. Following genetic studies that identified the PcG genes based on their required role in the long-term repression of HOX genes in Drosophila, purification and biochemical characterization of the encoded proteins resulted in isolation of four principal types of complexes: canonical Polycomb repressive complex 1 (cPRC1), Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), Pho repressive complex (PhoRC), and the Polycomb repressive deubiquitinase (PR-DUB) complex (Shao et al. 1999; Cao et al. 2002; Czermin et al. 2002; Kuzmichev et al. 2002; Müller et al. 2002; Klymenko et al. 2006; Scheuermann et al. 2010) . cPRC1 compacts chromatin and possesses E3 ligase activity for monoubiquiti  \n[Corresponding authors: muellerj@biochem.mpg.de](Corresponding authors: muellerj@biochem.mpg.de), [bonnet@biochem.mpg.de](bonnet@biochem.mpg.de)  \nArticle published online ahead of print. Article and publication date are online at [http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gad.353148.125. Free](http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gad.353148.125. Free)ly available online through the Genes & Development Open Access option.  \nnation of histone H2A at lysine 118 in Drosophila and the corresponding lysine 119 in vertebrates (H2Aub1), PRC2 is the histone methyltransferasefor lysine 27 in histone H3 (H3K27me3), and PR-DUB deubiquitinates H2Aub1 (Francis et al. 2001, 2004; Cao et al. 2002; Czermin et al. 2002; Kuzmichev et al. 2002; Müller et al. 2002; Wang et al. 2004; Scheuermann et al. 2010; Grau et al. 2011) . PhoRC contains no enzymatic activity but is the only PcG complex with sequence-specific DNAbinding activity and a","cbCairBnIPvLzuJX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairBnIPvLzuJX","pdf",31734151,13,"English","# Introduction\n## Polycomb group complexes and histone modification domains\n# Subcomplex contributions to H2Aub1 and H3K27me3\n## Canonical vs variant PRC1 roles\n## PR-DUB-mediated deubiquitination and uniform H2Aub1\n## PRC2.1 limitation at HOX genes\n# Genetic interactions and compensatory mechanisms\n## Removing PRC2.1 and effects on repression defects\n## Rescue by combined absence of PRC2.1 and PR-DUB\n# Mechanistic model\n## Diversification, feedback loops, and developmental plasticity","[{\"question\":\"What histone marks define Polycomb chromatin domains in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Polycomb domains are decorated with H2A monoubiquitination at lysine 119 (H2Aub1) and H3 trimethylation at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). These marks change dynamically through actions of Polycomb group protein complexes.\"},{\"question\":\"How do canonical PRC and variant PRC1 differ in generating H2Aub1?\",\"answer\":\"Canonical PRC deposits low H2Aub1 only at Polycomb target genes, whereas variant PRC1 generates most of the H2Aub1 genome-wide. In late embryos, PR-DUB further produces a uniform low-level H2Aub1 profile.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does loss of PRC2.1 show defects that can be rescued without PR-DUB?\",\"answer\":\"Reduction of H3K27me3 and repression defects from removing PRC2.1 are largely rescued in animals also lacking PR-DUB. The absence of PR-DUB leads to extensive H2Aub1 accumulation at targets, enabling compensatory H3K27me3 deposition by PRC2.2.\"}]","Histone modification cross-talk and protein complex diversification confer plasticity to Polycomb repression | PDF",1790614800,33]