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and West Bengal’s reintroduction of tigers into Buxa Tiger Reserve, covering ecological challenges, prey-base dynamics, restoration steps since 2018, landscape connectivity, and success criteria for long-term conservation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/hindu-analysis-04-10-2026/504245/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/hindu-analysis-04-10-2026/504245.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Chumphorn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-17","2026-10-03",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the core constitutional issue in the Supreme Court challenge to the 2023 CEC appointment law?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The dispute centers on whether the case involves a substantial question of constitutional interpretation under Article 145(3), which requires a Bench of at least five judges.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why did the bench split between Justices Dipankar Datta and Satish Chandra Sharma?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Datta held a two-judge Bench could decide because the constitutional principle was already settled in Anoop Baranwal, while Sharma said the new 2023 Act’s validity had not been adjudicated and should go to a Constitution Bench.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What major ecological problems affect tiger reintroduction in Buxa Tiger Reserve?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Habitat fragmentation from settlements, tea estates, and infrastructure increases disturbance, while closed-canopy forests suppress grasslands and reduce prey such as chital, potentially driving tigers toward livestock and raising human-wildlife conflict.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},504245,1791452186,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},2336475401981,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c94efd8d5204d?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786935347598174694","HINDU ANALYSIS 04-10-2026  \n• Context: On September 23, a two-judge Supreme Court Bench of Justices Dipankar Datta and Satish Chandra Sharma delivered a split verdict on petitions challenging the Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Act, 2023.  \n• What the 2023 Act provides: The CEC and Election Commissioners are appointed on the recommendation of a committee comprising the Prime Minister, Leader of Opposition inthe Lok Sabha, and a Union Cabinet Minister nominated by the Prime Minister.  \n• Earlier arrangement—Anoop Baranwal v. Union of India (2023): A five-judge Constitution Bench had prescribed an interim selection committee consisting of the Prime Minister, Leader of Opposition and Chief Justice of India (CJI) , until Parliament enacted a law.  \n• Core constitutional issue: Whether the challenge to the 2023 law involves a“substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution”under Article 145(3) , requiring a Bench of at least five judges.  \n• Article 145(3) of the Indian Constitution means:  \nWhen a Supreme Court case involves an important question about how the Constitution should be interpreted, it must be heard by a Bench of at least five judges  \n• Split within the Bench: Justice Datta held that a two-judge Bench could decide the case because the constitutional principle had already been settled in Anoop Baranwal. Justice Sharma held that, since the constitutional validity of the new 2023 Act had not previously been adjudicated, the matter should go before a Constitution Bench.  \n• Articles relevant for UPSC:  \n• Article 324 deals with the Election Commission and superintendence, direction and control of elections.  \n• Article 145(3) requires at least five judges for cases involving substantial questions of constitutional interpretation.  \n• Article 141 makes the law declared by the Supreme Court binding on all courts in India.  \n• Important legal principle fromAnoop Baranwal: Although the CJI’s membership of the interim committee was not permanently mandated by the Constitution, the judgment stressed that appointments to the Election Commission should be insulated from exclusive executive control.  \n• Institutional issue highlighted: The Supreme Court now has a sanctioned strength of 38 judges and usually functions through smaller Benches, while Constitution Benches are constituted only periodically. This can delay resolution of major constitutional questions.  \n• Delay concern: The editorial argues that delayed constitutional adjudication can create afait accompli, because actions taken under a disputed law may continue for years before the Court finally decides its validity.  \n• Permanent Constitution Bench proposal: The judges suggested exploring a permanent Constitution Bench for important constitutional questions. The Law Commission’s 229th Report (2009) had also proposed a Constitution Bench in Delhi, with regional Benches dealing with ordinary appellate matters .  \n• Master of the Roster: The CJI has administrative authority to constitute Benches and allocate cases. The article raises the broader institutional question of whether Bench formation should be governed by more transparent and predetermined rules.  \n• Context: West Bengal is reintroducing tigers into the Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR) . A Royal Bengal tigress captured in Bihar is the first of seven tigers proposed to be relocated over two years.  \n• Why reintroduction? By 2018, the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) had found no tigers in Buxa, Dampa( mz) and Palamau Tiger Reserves(Jh)_ . The Buxa programme involves the West Bengal Forest Department, NTCA and Wildlife Institute of India (WII) .  \n• Major ecological challenges in Buxa: The reserve has settlements, tea estatesand transport infrastructure that fragment habitats. Railway lines and the Bhutan– West Bengal road also increase wildlife disturbance and mortality risks.  \n• Habitat degradati","cbCaisuyL3ysDOj8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisuyL3ysDOj8","pdf",374193,"English","# Supreme Court: 2023 CEC/Election Commissioners Act\n## Article 145(3) and Bench size dispute\n## Institutional roster and delay concerns\n\n# Ecology: Tiger reintroduction in Buxa Tiger Reserve\n## Why Buxa needed reintroduction\n## Key habitat and prey-base challenges\n## Restoration measures and success criteria","[{\"question\":\"What is the core constitutional issue in the Supreme Court challenge to the 2023 CEC appointment law?\",\"answer\":\"The dispute centers on whether the case involves a substantial question of constitutional interpretation under Article 145(3), which requires a Bench of at least five judges.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did the bench split between Justices Dipankar Datta and Satish Chandra Sharma?\",\"answer\":\"Datta held a two-judge Bench could decide because the constitutional principle was already settled in Anoop Baranwal, while Sharma said the new 2023 Act’s validity had not been adjudicated and should go to a Constitution Bench.\"},{\"question\":\"What major ecological problems affect tiger reintroduction in Buxa Tiger Reserve?\",\"answer\":\"Habitat fragmentation from settlements, tea estates, and infrastructure increases disturbance, while closed-canopy forests suppress grasslands and reduce prey such as chital, potentially driving tigers toward livestock and raising human-wildlife conflict.\"}]","HINDU ANALYSIS 04-10-2026 | PDF",1791065417,15]