[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-331797-105":59,"doc-detail-331797-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","higher-inflammatory-response-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-is-associated-with-immune-cell-infiltration","Higher Inflammatory Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma is Associated with Immune Cell Infiltration","","Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often arises from chronic liver inflammation, where inflammatory signals can either drive tumor progression or trigger anti-tumor immunity. This study quantified enhanced inflammatory response in HCC using a gene set variation analysis scoring approach based on the INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE gene set. Data from 655 HCC patients across TCGA and three GEO cohorts were analyzed, showing higher inflammatory response in normal liver and cirrhosis, but generally lower levels in HCC.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/higher-inflammatory-response-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-is-associated-with-immune-cell-infiltration/331797/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/higher-inflammatory-response-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-is-associated-with-immune-cell-infiltration/331797.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jiven","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How was inflammatory response measured in HCC in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Inflammatory response was quantified using a scoring system derived from gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on the INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE gene set.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What relationship did the study find between inflammatory response and immune cell infiltration?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"HCCs with high inflammatory response showed increased immune cell infiltration and higher cytolytic activity.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Does a higher inflammatory score affect patient survival?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Higher inflammatory scores were associated with improved disease-free survival in TCGA and improved overall survival in GSE76427.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331797,1790176372,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1099513958607,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002390cf8733938c?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778829742770036399","􀂦   \nRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center  \nRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center  \nRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center  \nRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center  \nRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center  \nRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center  \nYokohama City University: Yokohama Shiritsu Daigaku  \nRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6435-4241](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6435-4241)  \nBiomarker, Carcinogenesis, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, In§ammatory  January 3rd, 2024  \n [https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3768964/v1](https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3768964/v1)  \n 􀁱 􀅏 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.  \nRead Full License  \nHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often develops from chronic liver in§ammation. In§ammation within a tumor can either promote cancer progression or activate an immune response against it. This study aims to determine the clinical signi¦cance of enhanced in§ammation in HCC.  \n Data from 655 HCC patients across four cohorts (TCGA, GSE6764, GSE76427, GSE89377) were examined. In§ammatory response was quanti¦ed using a scoring system derived from the gene set variation analysis of the “INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE” gene set.  \n A stepwise increase in in§ammatory response was noted from normal liver to cirrhosis, with consistently lower levels in HCC across both GSE6764 and GSE89377 cohorts (both p\u003C0.001) . Similar trends were observed in interferon response, pathways such as IL6/JAK/STAT3 and complement signaling, coagulation cascade, and allograft rejection (all p\u003C0.02) . HCCs with high in§ammatory response were associated with increased immune cell in¦ltrations ( p\u003C0.01) and cytolytic activity ( p\u003C0.001) . Interestingly, these HCCs had reduced mutation rates, no relationship with cell proliferation, and displayed both immune responses and pro-cancerous signals including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, KRAS, and hypoxia. Further, a high in§ammatory score correlated with improved disease-free survival in TCGA ( p=0 .034) and overall survival in GSE76427 ( p=0 .008) .  \n HCC with higher levels of in§ammatory response demonstrated increased immune cell in¦ltration, enhanced immune-related and other pro-cancerous-related signaling, and better patient prognosis.  \nLiver cancer is the eighth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, and 80% of them are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [ 1]. The majority of HCC cases stem from chronic liver in§ammation, primarily associated with conditions such as fatty liver disease, hepatitis virus infections, and exposure to toxic substances, including alcohol. Chronic liver damage by necro  \nin§ammation has been shown to lead to persistent hepatocyte regeneration, resulting in genetic mutations in hepatocytes and the proliferation of abnormal cells that become HCC [2]. These can progress to liver cirrhosis and, in some cases, develop into HCC.  \nChronic in§ammation is widely recognized for its signi¦cant role in carcinogenesis across various cancers. Chemicals and cytokines released by in§amed cells, including reactive oxygen species, can damage nearby cells, accelerating their genetic evolution toward more malignant states. Rudolf Virchow observed the relationship between in§ammation and carcinogenesis as early as the nineteenth century [3] and described leukocyte in¦ltrates within tumors, which are now considered one of the Hallmarks of Cancer [4]. Currently chronic in§ammation is estimated to contribute to 15 to 25% of human cancers [5]. For instance, infections by helicobacter pylori, papillomaviruses, hepatitis viruses, in§ammatory conditions of uncertain origin or some autoimmune diseases, are known to cause chronic in§ammation,  \nthereby increasing the risk of speci¦c cancers like that increases the risk of cancer such as hepatitis for HCC, prostatitis for prostate cancer, and in§ammatory bowel disease for colon cancer [6]. Further, chronic ","cbCaiqeDNiZADDLz","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqeDNiZADDLz","pdf",1340691,18,"English","# Background\n## Inflammation in carcinogenesis and HCC\n# Study design and scoring\n## Patient cohorts and GSVA-based inflammatory scoring\n# Key findings\n## Inflammatory response, immune infiltration, and signaling pathways\n## Survival associations and mutation/proliferation patterns\n# Implications\n## Prognostic relevance of inflammatory response in HCC","[{\"question\":\"How was inflammatory response measured in HCC in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Inflammatory response was quantified using a scoring system derived from gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on the INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE gene set.\"},{\"question\":\"What relationship did the study find between inflammatory response and immune cell infiltration?\",\"answer\":\"HCCs with high inflammatory response showed increased immune cell infiltration and higher cytolytic activity.\"},{\"question\":\"Does a higher inflammatory score affect patient survival?\",\"answer\":\"Higher inflammatory scores were associated with improved disease-free survival in TCGA and improved overall survival in GSE76427.\"}]","Higher Inflammatory Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma is Associated with Immune Cell Infiltration | PDF",1789995206,45]