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Prepared under the National Science Board and the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, it surveys U.S. and international science and engineering higher education. The document covers institutions providing S&E higher education, distance and online education, and trends in undergraduate and graduate degree awards. 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Indicators is a  \ncongressionally mandated report on the state of [the U.S. science](the U.S. science) and engineering enterprise. It is policy  \nrelevant and policy neutral. Indicators is prepared under the guidance of the National Science Board by  \nthe National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, a federal statistical agency within the National  \nScience Foundation. With the 2020 edition, Indicators is changing from a single report to a set of  \ndisaggregated and streamlined reports published on a rolling basis. Detailed data tables will continue to  \nbe available online.  \nTable of Contents  \n\n| Executive Summary | 7 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Introduction | 9 |\n| U.S. Institutions Providing S&E Higher Education | 10 |\n| Institutions in S&E Higher Education | 10 |\n| Distance and Online Education | 14 |\n| S&E Higher Education: Cost, Debt, and Financial Aid | 18 |\n| Trends in Undergraduate and Graduate S&E Degree Awards | 21 |\n| Undergraduate Degree Awards | 22 |\n| Graduate Degree Awards | 28 |\n| Demographic Attributes of S&E Degree Recipients | 32 |\n| S&E Degrees by Sex | 32 |\n| S&E Degrees by Race and Ethnicity | 35 |\n| S&E Degrees by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex | 41 |\n| International S&E Higher Education | 44 |\n| International Students in U.S. Higher Education: Enrollment | 44 |\n| International Students in U.S. Higher Education: Degrees Earned | 48 |\n| U.S. Position in Global S&E Higher Education | 53 |\n\nConclusion 61  \nGlossary 62  \nDefinitions 62  \nKey to Acronyms and Abbreviations 62  \nReferences 64  \nNotes 71  \nAcknowledgments and Citation 75  \nAcknowledgments 75  \nCitation 75  \n\n| Contact Us |  | 76 |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Report Authors |  | 76 |  |\n| NCSES |  | 76 |  |\n| List of Sidebars |  |  |  |\n| COVID-19 and Higher Education |  | 15 |  |\n| List of Tables |  |  |  |\n| HED-1 | Degree-granting institutions, by control and highest degree awarded: 2019–20 |  | 10 |\n| HED-2 | Certificates awarded in S&E technologies for selected levels, by field: 2019 |  | 25 |\n| HED-3 | Women's share of S&E bachelor's degrees in selected fields for U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race and ethnicity: 2019 |  | 43 |\n| HED-4 | International students enrolled in U.S. higher education institutions, by broad field and academic level: 2012– 20 |  | 45 |\n| HED-5 | Top 25 countries of origin of U.S. doctorate recipients on temporary visas, by broad doctoral field: 2001–20 |  | 51 |\n| List of Figures |  |  |  |\n\nHED-1 Institutions and degrees, by level of degree and control: 2019 11  \nHED-2 Average undergraduate charge at public 4-year institutions as a percentage of disposable personal income 19 and state support for higher education per full-time equivalent student: 2000–19  \nHED-3 S&E degrees awarded, by degree level: 2000 and 2019 21  \nHED-4 S&E associate's degrees awarded, by field: 2000–19 23  \nHED-5 S&E technologies associate's degrees awarded, by field: 2000–19 24  \nHED-6 Certificates awarded for selected levels, by field: 2019 26  \nHED-7 Certificates awarded for selected levels and fields, by institution type: 2019 27  \nHED-8 S&E bachelor's degrees awarded, by field: 2000–19 28  \nHED-9 S&E master's degrees awarded, by field: 2000–19 29  \nHED-10 S&E master's degrees awarded, by citizenship and selected field: 2000–19 30  \nHED-11 S&E doctoral degrees awarded, by selected field: 2000–19 31  \nHED-12 Representation of racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. population and among U.S. citizen and permanent 32  \nresident S&E degree recipients: 2019  \nHED-13 S&E degrees awarded to women, by degree level and field: 2019 33  \nHED-14 Associate's degrees in S&E technologies awarded to U.S. citizen and permanent residents, by sex and field: 34 2019  \nHED-15 S&E degrees awarded to Hispanics or Latinos and Blacks or African Americans, by degree level an","cbCaikAou1r9zzsh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikAou1r9zzsh","pdf",2019884,76,"English","# Executive Summary\n# Introduction\n# U.S. Institutions Providing S&E Higher Education\n## Institutions in S&E Higher Education\n## Distance and Online Education\n## S&E Higher Education: Cost, Debt, and Financial Aid\n## Trends in Undergraduate and Graduate S&E Degree Awards\n# International S&E Higher Education\n## International Students in U.S. Higher Education: Enrollment\n## International Students in U.S. Higher Education: Degrees Earned\n## U.S. Position in Global S&E Higher Education\n# Conclusion\n# Glossary\n# References\n# Notes\n# Acknowledgments and Citation","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the Indicators publication suite described in the document?\",\"answer\":\"Indicators is a congressionally mandated report describing the state of the U.S. science and engineering enterprise. It is designed to be policy relevant while remaining policy neutral.\"},{\"question\":\"Which main topics are covered under U.S. higher education in science and engineering?\",\"answer\":\"The document covers U.S. institutions providing S\\u0026E higher education, distance and online education, cost, debt, and financial aid, and trends in undergraduate and graduate degree awards, including demographic attributes.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report treat international science and engineering higher education?\",\"answer\":\"It includes international students in U.S. higher education for enrollment and degrees earned, and compares the U.S. position in global S\\u0026E higher education.\"}]","Higher Education in Science and Engineering - Report NSB-2022-3 - Policy report | PDF",1792055504,192]