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It synthesizes evidence on institutions and participation patterns, including minority-serving institutions, community colleges, for-profit providers, geographic differences, online education, and longitudinal trends in S&E degree awards. The analysis covers S&E degree recipient characteristics by sex and race/ethnicity, cost, financial aid and debt outcomes, and international students. 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Indicators is prepared under the guidance of the National Science Board by the National Science  \nFoundation’s National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics. The Indicators suite consists of a  \nsummary report called The State of U.S. Science and Engineering, more-detailed thematic reports with  \nsupporting data, and a data tool that provides state-level indicators.  \nTable of Contents  \n\n| Executive Summary | 7 |\n| --- | --- |\n| Introduction | 8 |\n| Institutions in S&E Higher Education | 12 |\n| Minority-Serving Institutions | 13 |\n| Community Colleges | 17 |\n| For-Profit Institutions | 21 |\n| Geographic Differences | 23 |\n| Online Education | 25 |\n| Trends in S&E Degree Awards | 28 |\n| Characteristics of S&E Degree Recipients | 36 |\n| S&E Degrees by Sex | 36 |\n| S&E Degrees, by Race and Ethnicity | 38 |\n| S&E Higher Education: Cost, Financial Aid, and Debt | 41 |\n| International Students in U.S. S&E Higher Education | 44 |\n| International Comparisons of S&E Higher Education | 53 |\n| Educational Attainment | 53 |\n| S&E First University Degrees | 55 |\n| S&E Doctoral Degrees | 58 |\n| S&E Degree Production Intensity | 60 |\n\nConclusion 63  \nGlossary 64  \nDefinitions 64  \nKey to Acronyms and Abbreviations 65  \nReferences 67  \nNotes 71  \nAcknowledgments and Citation 73  \n\n| Acknowledgments\u003Cbr>Citation |  | 73\u003Cbr>73 |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Technical Appendix |  | 74 |  |  |\n| Methodology Notes for International Degree Data |  | 74 |  |  |\n| Contact Us |  | 76 |  |  |\n| Report Authors |  | 76 |  |  |\n| NCSES |  | 76 |  |  |\n| List of Sidebars |  |  |  |  |\n| Considerations for International Comparisons of S&E Doctoral Degrees |  |  | 59 |  |\n| Higher Education and COVID-19: Effects on Student Participation, Plans, and Enrollment |  |  | 10 |  |\n| Revisions to Classification of IPEDS Degree Data under the NCSES Taxonomy of Disciplines |  |  | 8 |  |\n| List of Tables |  |  |  |  |\n| HED-1 | Institutions, by control and highest award conferred: 2021–22 |  |  | 12 |\n| HED-2 | Total fall enrollment in postsecondary institutions, by institutional control: Selected years, 2000–21 |  |  | 21 |\n| HED-3 | Trends in for-profit institution awards, by degree level and field: 2000–21 |  |  | 23 |\n| HED-4 | S&E-related degrees awarded, by degree level and field: 2012 and 2021 |  |  | 35 |\n| HED-5 | S&E degrees awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by degree level, race, and ethnicity: 2012 and 2021 |  |  | 39 |\n| HED-6 | First-time, full-time undergraduates awarded financial aid, by type of financial aid and institutional control and level: Academic year 2019–20 |  |  | 42 |\n| HED-7 | Borrowing, debt, repayment, and repayment amount among 2015–16 bachelor's degree recipients who borrowed to pay for undergraduate or graduate education: 2020 |  |  | 43 |\n| List of Figures |  |  |  |  |\n\nHED-1 Minority-serving institutions, by location and type: 2021 14  \nHED-2 Minority-serving institutions' enrollment, by type and level: 2015–16 15  \nHED-3 S&E and S&E-related program enrollment, by award level and type of MSI: 2015–16 16  \nHED-4 S&E and S&E-related certificates and associate's degrees awarded, by institution type: 2012–21 17  \nHED-5 Broad field for S&E certificates and associate's degrees awarded by community colleges: 2021 19  \nHED-6 Awards earned by 2011–12 first-time postsecondary students who began postsecondary education in 20  \ncommunity colleges, by award level and 2011–12 field of study: 2017  \nHED-7 Postsecondary institutions, by institutional control: 2000–22 22  \nHED-8 Share of bachelor's degrees awarded in S&E fields, by state: 2021 24  \nHED-9 Share of doctoral degrees awarded in S&E fields, by state: 2021 25  \nHED-10 Students enrolled in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by di","cbCaitzy2v7Ezauf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitzy2v7Ezauf","pdf",2388872,76,"English","# Executive Summary\n# Introduction\n# Institutions in S&E Higher Education\n## Minority-Serving Institutions\n## Community Colleges\n## For-Profit Institutions\n## Geographic Differences\n## Online Education\n# Trends in S&E Degree Awards\n# Characteristics of S&E Degree Recipients\n## S&E Degrees by Sex\n## S&E Degrees, by Race and Ethnicity\n# S&E Higher Education: Cost, Financial Aid, and Debt\n# International Students in U.S. S&E Higher Education\n## International Comparisons of S&E Higher Education\n# Educational Attainment\n# S&E First University Degrees\n# S&E Doctoral Degrees\n# S&E Degree Production Intensity\n# Conclusion\n# Glossary\n# References","[{\"question\":\"What scope does the report cover for science and engineering higher education?\",\"answer\":\"It covers institutions and participation in S\\u0026E higher education, trends in S\\u0026E degree awards, characteristics of degree recipients, and international student enrollment and comparisons. It also addresses cost, financial aid, and debt outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"Which institution types are highlighted in the report?\",\"answer\":\"The report discusses minority-serving institutions, community colleges, for-profit institutions, and it examines geographic differences and online education.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report treat international students in the U.S. S\\u0026E higher education system?\",\"answer\":\"It reviews international students’ enrollment in U.S. higher education and provides international comparisons. It also includes analysis by visa status and program level.\"}]","Higher Education in Science and Engineering - Indicators Report - 2023 | PDF",1792057041,192]