[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-600064-105":3,"doc-detail-600064-en":81,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":98},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","higher-education-finance-between-ghana-and-the-united-states","Higher Education Finance Between Ghana and the United States","","Rising enrollment and attendance costs in higher education frame a comparative analysis of higher education finance in the United States and Ghana. The study examines how goals of higher education, patterns of enrollment and expenditure, and the available funding sources shape student access in both settings. Neoliberalism guides the interpretation, emphasizing capitalism, free trade, and market orientation in public institutions. Despite financing disparities, limited access and funding for low socioeconomic students remain a shared challenge. It also considers student loan burdens and constraints tied to securing financing.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/higher-education-finance-between-ghana-and-the-united-states/600064/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/higher-education-finance-between-ghana-and-the-united-states/600064.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"nayy☆","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the main purpose of the paper?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The paper examines the sources of higher education finance available in Ghana and the U.S. and explains how neoliberal practices have influenced them.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does the paper analyze higher education finance?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It uses neoliberalism as a lens, focusing on how capitalism, free trade, and market orientation shape public higher education and related costs.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What shared issue do Ghana and the United States show despite financing differences?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Both countries face limited access to higher education and funding for students from low socioeconomic backgrounds.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},600064,1792171387,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",{"doc_id":79,"user_id":84,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":85,"doc_module":4,"category_id":55,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":86,"file_id":87,"file_url":88,"file_type":89,"file_size":90,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":91,"language":92,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":93,"faqs":94,"seo_title":95,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":96,"read_time":97},962090893153,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Current Issues in Comparative Education (CICE), Volume 23, Issue 1, Winter 2021  \nHigher Education Finance Between Ghana and the United States  \nAlfred Acquah  \nUniversity of Nevada, Las Vegas  \nOver the years, there has been a tremendous increase in enrollment in higher education as well as the cost of attendance. This article comparatively analyzes the higher education finance between the United States of America (U.S.A.) and Ghana, taking into consideration the goals of higher education, enrollment and expenditure, and the various sources of finance available to students in both countries. The source of education finance between both countries is examined through the lens of neoliberalism, which prioritizes capitalism, free trade, and market in public institutions, specifically higher education.  \nWhile there are disparities in the financing of higher education in both countries, there is a similarity in the limited access to higher education and funding by students from low socioeconomic backgrounds.  \nIntroduction  \nThe escalating cost of higher education in recent years has been felt by many countries around the world and has attracted a lot of attention, with some studies attributing the high cost to inadequate public funding, growing pressure on public funding, and in some cases, economic recession (Acheampong, 2010; Klein, 2015; Liu, 2018; Tulip, 2007) . According to the World Bank, higher education refers to all post-secondary education, including private and public universities, colleges, technical and vocational institutions. Also, higher education is seen as an instrument and key in providing solutions to intricate problems. It is also perceived as an economic engine that frees people from poverty by providing them with high-paying jobs (Morton, 2018) . Higher education, which used tobe a service for the elite, is now a service for the mass due to higher demand by all classes of people. In recent times, higher education has seen a massive expansion. For example, the worldwide Gross Tertiary Enrollment Ratio (GTER) increased to 32 % in 2012 compared to 10% in 1972 (Marginson, 2016) . There are about 200 million students enrolled in higher education in the world compared to 89 million in 1998 (The World Bank, 2017) . As enrollment increases in higher education, the cost of attendance also increases. The increase in enrollment and high cost of higher education is seen as a result of the increased emphases on knowledge-based economy and neoliberal practices, the former measuring how knowledge or information contribute to the economy and the latter prioritizing competition, free market, and government budget cut (St. George, 2006; Gyamera & Burke, 2018;) . Knowledge-based economy has been described as one of the “three powerful economic narratives” in the past 30 to 40 years and has influenced educational reforms in public discourse. (Sum, & Bob, 2013, p. 24) . It has become more influential lately because it is championed by three world superstructures: The Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD), the World Bank, and the European  \n© 2021, Current Issues in Comparative Education, Teachers College, Columbia University. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Current Issues in Comparative Education 23(1), 90-108.  \nHigher Education Finance Between Ghana and the United States  \nUnion (Sum, & Bob, 2013) . Through knowledge-based economy, education is now considered an economic industry that is evaluated based on its contributions to the economy. Thus, educational services are increasingly being privatized, open to global competition, and managed by non-academic personnel. Although the emphasis on knowledge-based economy has contributed to increased enrollment in higher education, it has also positioned education in a neoliberal perspective accounting for the high cost of higher education. Besides, the limited access to higher education, funding, and the complications that accompany the securing of student loans deny stu","cbCaipRYWOfBaUTG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipRYWOfBaUTG","pdf",187869,19,"English","# Introduction\n# Background information\n# Higher education finance comparison between Ghana and the United States","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the paper?\",\"answer\":\"The paper examines the sources of higher education finance available in Ghana and the U.S. and explains how neoliberal practices have influenced them.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper analyze higher education finance?\",\"answer\":\"It uses neoliberalism as a lens, focusing on how capitalism, free trade, and market orientation shape public higher education and related costs.\"},{\"question\":\"What shared issue do Ghana and the United States show despite financing differences?\",\"answer\":\"Both countries face limited access to higher education and funding for students from low socioeconomic backgrounds.\"}]","Higher Education Finance Between Ghana and the United States | PDF",1792089962,48,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":99},[100,104,108,112,117,122,127,130,135,138,142],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":109,"show_sort_weight":110,"slug":111},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":113,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":114,"show_sort_weight":115,"slug":116},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":119,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":128,"slug":129},30,"research-report",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":134},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":133,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":133,"slug":137},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":139,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":140,"show_sort_weight":139,"slug":141},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":91,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":143,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":144},"General","general"]