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COHESION POLICIES  \nB  \nAgriculture and Rural Development  \nCulture and Education  \nFisheries  \nRegional Development  \nTransport and Tourism  \nEN DE FR  \nDIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES  \nPOLICY DEPARTMENT B:  \nSTRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES  \nCULTURE AND EDUCATION  \nHIGHER EDUCATION ENTRANCE QUALIFICATIONS AND EXAMS IN EUROPE: A COMPARISON  \nSTUDY  \nThis document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Culture and Education .  \nAUTHORS  \nCecile Hoareau McGrath, Marie Louise Henham, Anne Corbett , Niccolo Durazzi, Michael Frearson, Barbara Janta, Bregtje W. Kamphuis, Eriko Katashiro, Nina Brankovic, Benoit Guerin, Catriona Manville, Inga Schwartz, Daniel Schweppenstedde  \nRESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR  \nMarkus J. Prutsch  \nPolicy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies European Parliament  \nB-1047 Brussels  \nE-mail: poldep-cohesion@europarl.europa.eu  \nEDITORIAL ASSISTANCE  \nLyna Pärt  \nLINGUISTIC VERSIONS  \nOriginal: EN  \nTranslation: DE, FR  \nABOUT THE PUBLISHER  \nTo contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its monthly newsletter please write to:  \npoldep-cohesion@europarl.europa.eu  \nManuscript completed in May 2014 Brussels © European Union, 2014  \nThis document is available on the Internet at:  \n[http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies](http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies)  \nDISCLAIMER  \nThe opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament.  \nReproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy.  \nDIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES  \nPOLICY DEPARTMENT B:  \nSTRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES  \nCULTURE AND EDUCATION  \nHIGHER EDUCATION ENTRANCE QUALIFICATIONS AND EXAMS IN EUROPE: A COMPARISON  \nSTUDY  \nAbstract  \nThe study analyses admission systems to higher education across ten countries, covering some countries of the European Union (France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia, Sweden and the United Kingdom), a candidate country (Turkey) as well as commonly used international comparators (Australia, Japan and the US) . These countries are compared on three axes: the equity of admissions, their quality and their ability to encourage students’ mobility. On this basis, recommendations are provided with regard to admission to higher education in Europe.  \nIP/B/CULT/IC/2013_007 May 2014  \nPE 529.057 EN  \nHigher Education Entrance Qualifications and Exams in Europe: A Comparison  \nCONTENTS  \nLIST OF TABLES 5  \nLIST OF FIGURES 6  \nLIST OF BOXES 6  \nGLOSSARY OF TERMS 7  \nPREFACE 9  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11  \n1. INTRODUCTION 15  \n1.1. Worldwide trends influencing admissions 15  \n1.2. Policy context 16  \n1.3. The history of EU intervention in higher education 17  \n1.4. Key questions 19  \n1.5. Descriptive questions 20  \n1.6. Evaluative questions 20  \n2. METHOD 25  \n2.1. Statistical overview 25  \n2.2. Case study comparison 27  \n2.3. Benchmarking of countries 28  \n2.4. Stakeholders’interviews 33  \n2.5. Review of policy and national sources 33  \n3. VARIETY OF ADMISSION SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW 35  \n3.1. Entry Requirements 35  \n3.2. Content of secondary school exams 40  \n3.3. Variation within national systems 42  \n3.4. Actors 45  \n3.5. The age of entry into higher education 49  \n3.6. Timeframe of application 51  \n3.7. The cost of application to higher education 52  \n3.8. Summary 53  \nPolicy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies  \n4. THE EQUITY OF ADMISSIONS SYSTEMS 55  \n4.1. Strengths and weaknesses of each system in terms of equity 55  \n4.2. Admission systems and socio-economic inequalities 57  \n4.3. Admission systems and specific groups of learners 62  \n4.4. Summary 66  \n5. THE QUALITY OF ADMISSIONS SYSTEMS 67  \n5.1. Strengths and weaknesses of each system in terms of quality 67  \n5.","cbCaiijjZTECkGUQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiijjZTECkGUQ","pdf",2101816,136,"English","# Abstract\n# Contents\n## List of Tables\n## List of Figures\n## List of Boxes\n## Glossary of Terms\n## Preface\n## Executive Summary\n## 1. Introduction\n## 2. Method\n## 3. Variety of Admission Systems: An Overview\n## 4. The Equity of Admissions Systems\n## 5. The Quality of Admissions Systems\n## 6. Enabling Mobility through Admissions Systems\n## 7. Conclusions and Recommendations\n## Bibliography\n## Annexes","[{\"question\":\"Which countries are compared in the study on higher education admissions?\",\"answer\":\"The study compares admissions across ten countries, including EU countries such as France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia, Sweden and the United Kingdom, plus Turkey, and international comparators Australia, Japan and the US.\"},{\"question\":\"What three aspects of admissions are used as the comparison axes?\",\"answer\":\"Admissions systems are compared on equity of admissions, quality of admissions, and their ability to encourage students’ mobility.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the basis for the recommendations provided in the report?\",\"answer\":\"Recommendations are derived from the comparative findings across the three axes—equity, quality, and mobility—covering the assessed admission systems and country cases.\"}]","Higher Education Entrance Qualifications and Exams in Europe - A Comparison - Study | PDF",343]