[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-410546-105":59,"doc-detail-410546-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","high-throughput-combinatorial-screening-of-antiplatelet-drugs-for-personalized-medicine","High-throughput combinatorial screening of antiplatelet drugs for personalized medicine","","Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death globally, and platelet activation drives arterial thrombotic events such as myocardial infarction. While antiplatelet drugs are standard, bleeding, gastrointestinal adverse effects, drug resistance, and inter-individual response variability demand personalized regimens. Traditional platelet assays are reagent-hungry and low-throughput, limiting large-scale testing. The work introduces the C-chip, a microfluidic platform for on-chip parallel screening using color-coded picoliter droplets to generate thousands of data points, enabling identification of optimal drug combinations and volunteer-specific results.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/high-throughput-combinatorial-screening-of-antiplatelet-drugs-for-personalized-medicine/410546/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/high-throughput-combinatorial-screening-of-antiplatelet-drugs-for-personalized-medicine/410546.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sophia Brooks","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is personalized antiplatelet therapy important?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Patient responses to antiplatelet drugs vary substantially, while standard therapies carry risks such as bleeding and gastrointestinal adverse effects. This variability makes individualized regimens necessary to improve therapeutic selection.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What limitation of traditional platelet assays motivates this study?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Conventional platelet detection assays are reagent-hungry and low-throughput, which prevents efficient high-throughput screening of antiplatelet agents and combinations.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does the C-chip enable high-throughput drug combination screening?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The C-chip miniaturizes reactions into picoliter-volume, color-coded droplets, allowing thousands of screening data points to be generated from a single experiment. It was used to identify optimal combinations among clinically relevant antiplatelet drugs and to reveal inter-individual variability across volunteers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},410546,1790717600,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},962084925636,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Wang et al. Microsystems & Nanoengineering (2026)12:7 [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-025-01](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-025-01)126-8  \nMicrosystems & Nanoengineering  \n[www.nature.com/micronano](www.nature.com/micronano)  \nARTICLE Open Access  \nHigh-throughput combinatorial screening of antiplatelet drugs for personalized medicine  \nChenguang Wang1,2, Wenjie Zhu3, Jiawei Zhu3, Tian Gao3, Zheyi Jiang1, Tiantian Zhang1, Long Chen3, Junfeng Zhang1 ✉, Yifan Liu3 ✉ and Alex Chia Yu Chang1,2 ✉  \nAbstract  \nCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Platelet activation plays a critical role in arterial thrombotic events such as myocardial infarction. Although antiplatelet drugs are standard therapies, they are associated with risks including bleeding, gastrointestinal adverse effects, and drug resistance. Furthermore, substantial inter-individual variability in patient responses underscores the need for personalized antiplatelet regimens. These factors emphasize the importance of screening for optimal antiplatelet drugs and drug combinations tailored to individual patients. However, traditional platelet detection assays are reagent-hungry and low-throughput, making them unsuitable for high-throughput screening of antiplatelet agents. Here, we present the C-chip, a high-throughput platform for on-chip parallel screening of antiplatelet drug combinations. The C-chip miniaturizes individual screening reactions into picoliter-volume, color-coded droplets, enabling the generation of thousands of screening data points in a single experiment. We demonstrate that the C-chip can effectively identify the optimal combinations of three clinically relevant antiplatelet drugs: Aspirin, Tirofiban, and Ticagrelor. We further applied this platform to identify optimal drug combinations for five healthy volunteers, revealing marked inter-individual variability in antiplatelet drug responses.  \nIntroduction  \nCardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with a high prevalence of arterial thrombotic disorders1. In patients with CVD, pathological platelet activation plays a pivotal role in thrombus formation2,3. Given the complexity and heterogeneity of platelet activation pathways3,4, various antiplatelet drugs, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, cilostazol, and tirofiban, have been developed to target distinct molecular mechanisms5,6. However, interindividual variability in drug response, along with adverse effects including bleeding, gastrointestinal complications, granulocytopenia, and  \nCorrespondence: Junfeng Zhang ([zhangjf1222@sjtu.edu.cn](zhangjf1222@sjtu.edu.cn)) or  \nYifan Liu ([liuyf6@shanghaitech.edu.cn](liuyf6@shanghaitech.edu.cn)) or  \nAlex Chia Yu Chang ([alexchang@shsmu.edu.cn](alexchang@shsmu.edu.cn))  \n1Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China  \n2Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200125 Shanghai, China  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \nThese authors contributed equally: Chenguang Wang, Wenjie Zhu  \nmultidrug resistance, poses significant challenges in identifying optimal therapeutic strategies5,7–11. These limitations underscore the urgent need for improved approaches to antiplatelet therapy selection that support personalized treatment12. Currently, patients with high thrombotic risk are often prescribed dual antiplatelet therapy based on population-level evidence to ensure efficacy13; however, both the therapeutic benefit and the risk of adverse effects remain unpredictable at the individual level.  \nCurrently, three main types of platelet function assays exist: aggregation-based assays (e.g., light transmission aggregometry [LTA], VerifyNow), biomarker-based assays (e.g., flow cytometry to detect P-selectin), and biomechanical-based assays (e.g., thrombelastogram ","cbCaihR6ExsBG0cT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihR6ExsBG0cT","pdf",1709706,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why is personalized antiplatelet therapy important?\",\"answer\":\"Patient responses to antiplatelet drugs vary substantially, while standard therapies carry risks such as bleeding and gastrointestinal adverse effects. This variability makes individualized regimens necessary to improve therapeutic selection.\"},{\"question\":\"What limitation of traditional platelet assays motivates this study?\",\"answer\":\"Conventional platelet detection assays are reagent-hungry and low-throughput, which prevents efficient high-throughput screening of antiplatelet agents and combinations.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the C-chip enable high-throughput drug combination screening?\",\"answer\":\"The C-chip miniaturizes reactions into picoliter-volume, color-coded droplets, allowing thousands of screening data points to be generated from a single experiment. It was used to identify optimal combinations among clinically relevant antiplatelet drugs and to reveal inter-individual variability across volunteers.\"}]","High-throughput combinatorial screening of antiplatelet drugs for personalized medicine | PDF",1790585651,33]