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It contrasts enrollment-based graduation measures with more accurate statewide longitudinal administrative tracking using FL-EDW. The brief calculates diploma and GED receipt for six cohorts of Florida ninth graders entering high school from 1995/96 to 2000/01, reporting diploma and GED rates at four years and later, and analyzes patterns including an increase and a notable five-year bump.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/high-school-diploma-and-ged-attainment-in-florida-research-note-1-july-2008/264632/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/high-school-diploma-and-ged-attainment-in-florida-research-note-1-july-2008/264632.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Putri","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-14",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why are enrollment-based graduation rates limited in comparing high school completion across states?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Enrollment-based estimates rely on crude ratios and do not account for who graduates outside the expected four-year window or how student flows in and out of the system affect the cohort.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does Florida’s longitudinal administrative system improve graduation rate estimates?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The FL-EDW tracks individual students in a true cohort over time, allowing measurement of whether students who leave return later and whether they ultimately earn a diploma or GED equivalent.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What criteria does the brief use to classify standard diploma recipients and GED recipients?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It counts only students receiving a standard high school diploma as diploma recipients, while students passing the GED exam are counted as GED recipients; special education diplomas or certificates of completion are not treated as standard diplomas.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},264632,1789384966,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962085571259,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","R E S E A R C HN o T E 1  \nJuLY 2008  \nHigh School Diploma and GED Attainment in Florida  \nTi m R . S a s s , D e p a r t m e n t o f E c o n o m i c s , Fl o r id a St a t e U n i v e r s ity w ith St e v e n C a r t w r ight , Th e U r b a n I n s tit u t e  \nA high school diploma is an important signal of employability for those who enter the labor force without a college degree and is typically a required certification for those entering postsecondary schooling. More generally, highschool graduation rates are a telling measure of a school system’s ability to move students through to high school completion. In the context of No Child Left Behind, these rates have become central to state accountability systems. Yet measures of high school completion vary greatly across states, leaving policymakers uncertain about the status of this important education outcome.  \nMeasures of high school coMpletion vary greatly across states, leaving policyMakers uncertain about the status of this iMportant outcoMe  \nMost states calculate graduation rates, with some minor refinements, on crude schoollevel enrollment counts: typically the ratio of 12th graders to 9th graders four years earlier. These enrollment-based estimates approximate the share of a 9th grade class that makes it through to graduation. The estimates have three major limitations. First, they do not account for students who graduate but for one reason or another do not do so in four years. Second, they do not account for flows of students in or out of the system. In short, the students included in the 12th grade count are not necessarily the same students as those in the 9th grade count.  \nThird, the estimates do not account for students who passed a General Education Development (GED) test that, for some purposes, is equivalent to a high school diploma.  \nStatewide longitudinal administrative data systems can estimate graduation rates more accurately because they can calculate the rate based on a true cohort of students, tracked individually over time. Such tracking can show, for example, whether students who leave the school’s rolls return and whether they later attain a diploma or its equivalent. The Florida state data system is one of the few data systems that allow such tracking.  \nThis brief calculates graduation rates for the state of Florida using longitudinal data. We describe our measurement strategies and compare them with the state’s official measurement procedures. We calculate the diploma and GED attainment rates of six separate cohorts of Florida 9th graders who began high school between 1995/96 and 2000/01 . We then present rates of both diploma receipt and GED receipt at four years and in later years. The results show an increasing trend in graduation rates in the state over the period studied and a substantial bump at five years, with growth flattening out after that time.  \nData SourceS anD DefinitionS  \nFlorida’s Education Data Warehouse (FL-EDW) tracks individual students beginning in the 1995/96 school year. The latest year of data currently available is from the 2004/05 school year. Thus, we can track 9th grade students in 1995/96 for 10 years and  \neach subsequent cohort for one year less. The last 9th grade cohort for which students can be tracked for at least 5 years began high school in 2000/01 .  \nGraduation data are recorded two ways in the FL-EDW. One source of information is withdrawal information. If a student exits the public school system, a reason for withdrawal is recorded. Withdrawals include students who transfer to nonpublic schools or to public schools in another state, various forms of highschool completion (standard diploma, GED, special education diploma, etc.) and other reasons for exit, such as pregnancy, entering the military, or death. A separate file records awards students receive, including highschool diplomas and GEDs. If, for example, a student gets pregnant and leaves school, but later passes a GED exam (without returning to","cbCaiu2k5Pff83yq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiu2k5Pff83yq","pdf",221556,"English","# Data Sources and Definitions\n## Florida’s Education Data Warehouse (FL-EDW)\n## Graduation data recording and award versus withdrawal\n## Cohort base and comparability with official state measures\n## GED-to-diploma classification rules","[{\"question\":\"Why are enrollment-based graduation rates limited in comparing high school completion across states?\",\"answer\":\"Enrollment-based estimates rely on crude ratios and do not account for who graduates outside the expected four-year window or how student flows in and out of the system affect the cohort.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Florida’s longitudinal administrative system improve graduation rate estimates?\",\"answer\":\"The FL-EDW tracks individual students in a true cohort over time, allowing measurement of whether students who leave return later and whether they ultimately earn a diploma or GED equivalent.\"},{\"question\":\"What criteria does the brief use to classify standard diploma recipients and GED recipients?\",\"answer\":\"It counts only students receiving a standard high school diploma as diploma recipients, while students passing the GED exam are counted as GED recipients; special education diplomas or certificates of completion are not treated as standard diplomas.\"}]","High School Diploma and GED Attainment in Florida - Research Note 1 - July 2008 | PDF",15]