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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 8205-114 St, 2-64 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada; [salamah@ualberta.ca](salamah@ualberta.ca) (S.A.)  \n2 Research and Innovation, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, 10230 111 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB T5G 0B7, Canada; [ggregson@ualberta.ca](ggregson@ualberta.ca) (G.G.)  \n3 School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada  \n4 School of Nursing & Midwifery, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia  \n5 Occupational Therapy Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Alahsa 14611, Saudi Arabia  \n6 Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada  \n* [Correspondence: miguelcr@ualberta.ca](Correspondence: miguelcr@ualberta.ca)  \nHighlights  \nWhat are the main findings?  \n• The high-accuracy home-monitoring system demonstrated very strong concurrent validity with the Fried’s Frailty Phenotype criteria and strong associations with the Clinical and Edmonton Frailty Scales.  \n• The system effectively integrated ultra-wideband indoor positioning, off-the-ShelfInternet of Things enabled devices, and smart sensors to capture all five frailty components with high spatial and temporal precision in a home-like clinical environment.  \nWhat are the implication of the main findings?  \n• High-accuracy sensor integration enables objective, continuous, and automated frailty assessment, reducing reliance on self-reported or clinic-based evaluations.  \n• These results show a potential for off-the-Shelf-Internet of Things-based smart home technologies to support data-driven frailty assessment and monitoring, early risk detection, and personalized intervention for aging-in-place applications.  \nAbstract  \nFrailty assessment and monitoring are essential for supporting independent living and preventing adverse outcomes among older adults. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the concurrent validity of a high-accuracy home-monitoring system for assessing and tracking frailty in older adults. The system integrated off-the-shelf, zero-effort technologies, including ultra-wideband (UWB) indoor positioning, a smart scale, a connected hand dynamometer, and a Bluetooth speakerphone, to measure the five components of Fried’s Frailty Phenotype criteria. Twenty-one participants (aged 21–90 years) completed frailty assessments using both traditional clinical measures and the sensor-based system within a simulated home environment within a major rehabilitation hospital. The developed system demonstrated very strong and statistically significant correlations between the  \nsensor-based system and the Fried’s Frailty Phenotype criteria, strong correlations with the Clinical Frailty Scale, and moderate-to-strong correlations with the Edmonton Frailty Scale, confirming the system’s strong concurrent validity. These findings indicate that high-accuracy, home-based monitoring technologies can provide reliable, objective, and non-invasive assessment of frailty in older adults, supporting early detection and continuous monitoring. This app","cbCaijOg1NkFnHAN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijOg1NkFnHAN","pdf",865268,26,"English","# Highlights\n## Main findings\n## Implications of main findings\n# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the study address for older adults?\",\"answer\":\"It targets the need for reliable frailty assessment and continuous monitoring to support independent living and prevent adverse outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"What technologies does the home-monitoring system use?\",\"answer\":\"It integrates ultra-wideband indoor positioning, a smart scale, a connected hand dynamometer, and a Bluetooth speakerphone to measure the five Fried Frailty Phenotype components.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the system validated, and what were the key results?\",\"answer\":\"Twenty-one participants completed both traditional clinical assessments and the sensor-based system in a simulated home environment. The system showed very strong, statistically significant correlations with Fried’s criteria, strong correlations with the Clinical Frailty Scale, and moderate-to-strong correlations with the Edmonton Frailty Scale.\"}]","High-Accuracy Indoor Positioning and Smart Home Technologies for Assessing and Monitoring Frailty in Older Adults | PDF",1790765279,66]