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HAP is synthesized from allylamine and characterized by 1H/31P NMR and MALDI-TOF, while molecular dynamics simulations (MM2) confirm nanoscale dimensions suitable for nanomodification. 3D-printed composites containing up to 10 wt.% HAP are evaluated for physicomechanics and antibacterial action against S. mutans. Maximum flexural strength (115.1 ± 10.2 MPa) occurs at 5 wt.% HAP, while strongest growth inhibition appears at 10 wt.% and biofilm inhibition increases above 5 wt.%.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/hexaallylaminocyclotriphosphazene-modified-dental-compositions-for-3d-printing-of-dental-crowns/463784/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/hexaallylaminocyclotriphosphazene-modified-dental-compositions-for-3d-printing-of-dental-crowns/463784.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"OmBimo","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-11","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How is hexaallylaminocyclotriphosphazene (HAP) used to modify the dental composite?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"HAP is incorporated into dental methacrylic composites and can react with methacrylic resins to form a copolymer, enabling nanomodification of the material.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What characterization methods are used to confirm HAP and its suitability?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"HAP is characterized by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and its nanoscale size is supported by molecular dynamics simulations using the MM2 force field.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which HAP content levels achieve the best mechanical and antibacterial outcomes?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The maximum flexural strength (115.1 ± 10.2 MPa) is reached at 5 wt.% HAP. The greatest inhibition of S. mutans growth in liquid nutrient medium occurs at 10 wt.% HAP, and biofilm inhibition is observed for composites with more than 5 wt.% HAP.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},463784,1791341113,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090893581,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Article  \nHexaallylaminocyclotriphosphazene-Modified Dental Compositions for 3D Printing of Dental Crowns  \nBakary Tamboura 1, Pavel Yudaev 2, *, Irina Butorova 1, Bogdan Klyukin 1, Vladimir Chuev 3 and Evgeniy Chistyakov 1, *  \nAcademic Editor: Daniel Torres-Lagares  \nReceived: 8 October 2025  \nRevised: 12 December 2025  \nAccepted: 22 December 2025  \nPublished: 24 December 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Department of Chemical Technology of Plastics, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq., 9, Moscow 125047, Russia  \n2 Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St., 28, Bld. 1, Moscow 119991, Russia  \n3 Belgorod National Research, Pobedy Street, 85, Belgorod 308015, Russia  \n* [Correspondence: yudaevpavel5@gmail.com](Correspondence: yudaevpavel5@gmail.com) (P.Y.); [ewgenijj@rambler.ru](ewgenijj@rambler.ru) (E.C.)  \nAbstract  \nThe development of dental restorative materials with improved physical and mechanical properties is an important area of research. In this study, hexaallylaminocyclotriphosphazene (HAP) was used to modify dental composites. HAP is a compound with multiple carbon-carbon bonds that can react with methacrylic resins to form a copolymer. HAP was synthesized by reacting allylamine with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and characterized it using 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Molecular dynamics simulations using the MM2 force field showed that HAP has a nanosize (the diameter of a sphere eclosing the molecule is 1.3 nm), making it a suitable nanomodifier for dental composites. Using 3D printing, samples of dental methacrylic composites containing up to 10 wt. % HAP were prepared and their physicomechanical properties and antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria S. mutans were studied. As a result, it was established that the maximum flexural strength (115.1 ± 10.2 MPa) is achieved with a modifier content of 5 wt.% in the composite. The maximum value of inhibition of S. mutans growth in a liquid nutrient medium is achieved with a HAP content of 10 wt.% in the sample. Furthermore, with a HAP content of more than 5 wt.% in the composite, inhibition of biofilm on the material surface is observed. The resulting composite is proposed for use as dental crowns in restorative dentistry.  \nKeywords: cyclotriphosphazene; modifier; nanoparticle; compressive strength; restorative dentistry; prosthetics  \n1. Introduction  \nThe use of antimicrobial agents that act on the cell membranes of bacteria and fungi or bacterial enzymes and have an antibiofilm effect [1] is an important aspect of the therapy and prevention of infectious diseases. Antibiotics have been used as antimicrobial agents since ancient times. However, today researchers are faced with the problem of side effects of antibiotics, such as microorganism resistance to antibiotics caused by incorrectly prescribed dosage or prolonged therapy, gastrointestinal side effects (e.g., antibiotic-associated diarrhea), hematological problems, and hypersensitivity reactions [2] . Nanosized particles and antibiotic carriers [3] are acting as an alternative to commercial antibiotics that can overcome resistance.  \nCompared to antibiotics, metal nanoparticles can combat microbes through the simultaneous activation of various mechanisms and reduce the possibility of multiple mutations in different genes (genetic resistance factors) [4] . In turn, antibiotic carrier nanoparticles ensure long-term stability of the drug and maintain the required effective concentration [5] .  \nIn addition, nanoparticles, due to their high surface-to-volume ratio S/V and, as a consequence, high reactivity, are suitable for use in a wide range of fields of science and technology, covering not only pharmaceutica","cbCairWMkLIkypi7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairWMkLIkypi7","pdf",1620882,15,"English","# Introduction\n## Antimicrobial agents and antibiotic limitations\n## Nanoparticles and mechanisms against microbes\n## Nanoparticles in composite materials and dentistry\n## Cytotoxicity, aggregation, and property deterioration\n## Strategies to mitigate aggregation","[{\"question\":\"How is hexaallylaminocyclotriphosphazene (HAP) used to modify the dental composite?\",\"answer\":\"HAP is incorporated into dental methacrylic composites and can react with methacrylic resins to form a copolymer, enabling nanomodification of the material.\"},{\"question\":\"What characterization methods are used to confirm HAP and its suitability?\",\"answer\":\"HAP is characterized by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and its nanoscale size is supported by molecular dynamics simulations using the MM2 force field.\"},{\"question\":\"Which HAP content levels achieve the best mechanical and antibacterial outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"The maximum flexural strength (115.1 ± 10.2 MPa) is reached at 5 wt.% HAP. The greatest inhibition of S. mutans growth in liquid nutrient medium occurs at 10 wt.% HAP, and biofilm inhibition is observed for composites with more than 5 wt.% HAP.\"}]","Hexaallylaminocyclotriphosphazene-Modified Dental Compositions for 3D Printing of Dental Crowns | PDF",1790767139,38]