[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-146195-105":59,"doc-detail-146195-en":124},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":117,"head_meta":119,"extra_data":121,"updated_unix":123},105,"en","hepatitis-screening-extended-4-sep-1986","Hepatitis Screening Extended - 04 Sep 1986","","Blood banks are considering expanded screening for non-A and non-B hepatitis in donated blood. One approach combines ALT testing, an indicator of liver dysfunction, with antibody screening against hepatitis-B core antigen (anti-HBc), which correlates with later development of non-A/non-B hepatitis. The American Red Cross, AABB, and related organizations plan phased rollouts while weighing benefits against false positives, donor loss, added unit costs, and practical screening limitations.",{"@graph":69,"@context":116},[70,84,99],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/hepatitis-screening-extended-4-sep-1986/146195/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"author":86,"headline":65,"publisher":89,"fileFormat":92,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":93,"datePublished":93,"encodingFormat":92,"isAccessibleForFree":94,"interactionStatistic":95},"DigitalDocument",{"name":87,"@type":88},"wps_ap_test_251126_0180","Person",{"url":74,"name":90,"@type":91},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-26",true,{"@type":96,"interactionType":97,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":98},"ViewAction",{"@type":100,"mainEntity":101},"FAQPage",[102,108,112],{"name":103,"@type":104,"acceptedAnswer":105},"Why do blood banks use ALT and anti-HBc tests together for non-A/non-B hepatitis screening?","Question",{"text":106,"@type":107},"ALT levels and anti-HBc presence are used because they correlate with subsequent development of non-A/non-B hepatitis, improving detection beyond a single test.","Answer",{"name":109,"@type":104,"acceptedAnswer":110},"Which organizations planned to implement hepatitis screening and when?",{"text":111,"@type":107},"The American Red Cross planned ALT testing starting 7 July 1986, expected to finish by 1 October, while AABB expected implementation in member centers by 30 November.",{"name":113,"@type":104,"acceptedAnswer":114},"What concerns arise from expanded screening in blood banks?",{"text":115,"@type":107},"False positives may reduce the donor pool, and the added testing increases the cost per unit, while screening program logistics and ethical issues for transfusion recipients remain considerations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":118,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":90,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":120,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":122,"site_id":62},146195,1787738248,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":125},{"doc_id":122,"user_id":126,"nickname":87,"user_avatar":127,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":128,"file_id":129,"file_url":130,"file_type":131,"file_size":132,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":8,"language":133,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":134,"faqs":135,"seo_title":136,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":123,"read_time":81},8796095027276,"https://avatar.qwps.com/avatar/d3BzX2FwX3Rlc3RfMjUxMTI2XzAxODA=","B2  \n                        Blood banks hope to get an indirectindication of the potential for a donor totransmit non-A.non-B hepatitis by usingtwo different blood tests.One measuresthe level of alanine amino transferase(ALT),commonly used as an indicator ofliver dysfunction.The other tests for thepresence of antibodies to hepatitis-B coreRobert AuBuchon of the Americanantigen(anti-HBe).High levels of donorRed Crosssays the Red Cross is planningALT and the presence of anti-HBc bothtostart an anti-HBc screening programmecorrelate with subsequent development ofof its own,but not until after the ALT testGolden-headed lion tamarins have re-non-A,non-B hepatitis.is implemented.Counts feels that thecently been the object of a worldwide-con-The debate over whether to use one orFood and Drug Administration shouldservation effort (see Nature 322,586;both of these tests to screen donated bloodplay a larger role in certifying the useful-has been raging for years.The ubiquity of1986).The Washington infant's parentsness of anti-BHc.Counis also points outare themselves well travelled.They werenon-A,non-B hepatitis as the cause ofthat Alter's study used a radioimmuno-post-transfusion hepatitis became clearpart of a group of 16 golden-headed lionassay for anti-HBc testing,whereas antamarins imported by a Belgian animalonly after the development of a test forhepatitis-B surface antigen in the earlyenzyme-linked assay is more likely to bedealer in the winter of I983 just before1970s.Between 7 and 17 per cent of aliutilized in a large screenng programme.Belgium signed the Convention on Interna-A further concern is that once imple.transfusion recipients develop post-mented,screening tests are hard to dis-tional Trade in Endangered Species.Theanimals were ultimately repatriated totransfusion hepatitis.Now.with effectivepense with.The Red Cross had planned aBrazil in November 1985 but were not re-screening for hepatitis-B,non-A.non-Bprospective ciinical trial of non-A,non-Bleased into the wild.Instead,an Internatio-hepatitis is estimated to account for morehepatitis screening techniques,but werenal Recovery and Management Committeethan 90 per cent of these cases.Even be-daunted by the size of the project.and thefor the tamarins,co-chaired by Jeremyfore such screening.Stephen Feinstone ofthe laboratory of infectious diseases at thepossible ethical problems of giving un-ScTeened blood to recipients.National Institutes of Health(NIH)esti-mates that two-thirds of post-Iransfusionhepatitis cases were non-A.non-B.The American Red Cross is also imple-menting ALT testing at its blood banks;the programme began on 7 July,and isexpected to be completed by 1 October.AABB expects to implement testing in itsmember centres by 30 November.A thirdorganization for blood banks.the Councilfor Community Blood Centers(CCBC)iccounting for approximately one quarterof all blood collections.has not officiallyA major concern for all blood centresdeclared a position on ALTtesting.Bul itswillbe the loss of donors from false posi-president,Richard Counts of the Pugettives from the ALT and anti-BHc tests.Sound Blood Center.says most membcrsBetween 4 and 7 per cent of donors arewill go ahead with ALTscreening.expected to be prevented from givingblood.This comes at a time when screen-ing for antibodies to the AIDS virus hasalready had a negative impact on thehlood supply.The test wil also increasethe cost of a unit of blood hy about $3.Despite the additional cost and the lossoof donors.AABB president EugeneBerkman says the eSts ire“essentialto incrcase the safcty of the blood                                                supply\"     foseph Palca  \nGood prospects forlion tamarins  \n# Hepatitisscreening extended\n\nWashington  \nAlter estimated that prospective anti-HBc screening couldeliminate 43 per centof non-A,non-B hepatitis cases.while los-ing only 4 per cent of donors.JosephBove,chairman of AABB's committce ontransfusion-transmitted diseases,arguesthat,taken with ALTscreening,","cbCaim4sUUlktfic","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaim4sUUlktfic","pdf",426676,"English","# Hepatitis screening program overview\n## ALT and anti-HBc screening rationale\n## Rollout plans and operational concerns","[{\"question\":\"Why do blood banks use ALT and anti-HBc tests together for non-A/non-B hepatitis screening?\",\"answer\":\"ALT levels and anti-HBc presence are used because they correlate with subsequent development of non-A/non-B hepatitis, improving detection beyond a single test.\"},{\"question\":\"Which organizations planned to implement hepatitis screening and when?\",\"answer\":\"The American Red Cross planned ALT testing starting 7 July 1986, expected to finish by 1 October, while AABB expected implementation in member centers by 30 November.\"},{\"question\":\"What concerns arise from expanded screening in blood banks?\",\"answer\":\"False positives may reduce the donor pool, and the added testing increases the cost per unit, while screening program logistics and ethical issues for transfusion recipients remain considerations.\"}]","Hepatitis Screening Extended - 04 Sep 1986 | PDF"]