[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-289949-105":59,"doc-detail-289949-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","heightened-measures-of-divergent-thinking-and-cognitive-flexibility-in-arts-educated-students","Heightened Measures of Divergent Thinking and Cognitive Flexibility in Arts-Educated Students","","Study examines whether arts-focused education is associated with higher creativity among high school students. Creativity is operationalized using objective and subjective measures: divergent thinking, cognitive flexibility, and creative self-efficacy/self-identity. An anonymous survey was administered to 100 students, with 50 arts-conservatory attendees and 50 non-arts peers. Arts students showed statistically significantly higher creativity scores than non-arts students (p \u003C 0.01). Findings support a potential correlation between arts education and adaptive, flexible thinking.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/heightened-measures-of-divergent-thinking-and-cognitive-flexibility-in-arts-educated-students/289949/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/heightened-measures-of-divergent-thinking-and-cognitive-flexibility-in-arts-educated-students/289949.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McQueen","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-20","2026-09-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How is creativity measured in this study?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Creativity is measured using divergent thinking, cognitive flexibility, and creative self-efficacy/self-identity, combining objective and subjective measures.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What was the study sample and comparison group?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The study surveyed 100 high school students: 50 attending an arts conservatory and 50 non-arts students from a more traditional school setting.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What did the results show about arts-educated students?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Arts students had statistically significantly higher creativity scores than non-arts students (p \u003C 0.01), supporting the study’s hypothesis.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},289949,1789638750,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},5909890329169,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Heightened Measures of Divergent Thinking and Cognitive Flexibility in Arts-Educated Students  \nClara Choi  \nReceived March 09, 2024  \nAccepted March 26, 2024  \nElectronic access April 15, 2024  \nCreativity is key to human progress. We need creative solutions to the growing number of complicated human health, environmental, social, economic and political problems. When we think of an education system that fosters innovative, out-of-the-box problem solving, we may not automatically think of music, fine arts, theater or dance. Yet many studies have shown a linkage between an arts education and cognitive strengths, such as visual-spatial processing. Our study looks at a combination of objective and subjective measures of creativity: divergent thinking, cognitive flexibility and creative self-efficacy and self-identity. We hypothesized that students immersed in an arts-focused educational setting would demonstrate higher levels of creativity across each of these measures compared to non-arts students who attend a more traditional school. To test this hypothesis, we administered an anonymous survey to 100 high school students, half attending an arts conservatory (n = 50) and half non-arts students (n = 50) . Based on answers to the survey, participants were scored on their divergent thinking, cognitive flexibility and creative self-efficacy. Although self-selection bias or other confounding factors may have been present, our results showed that the arts students in our study had statistically significantly higher creativity scores than the non-arts students (p \u003C 0 .01), which confirmed our hypothesis. While the study was not designed to test for causation, the results offer empirical evidence of a potential correlation between an arts education and creative, divergent, and flexible thinking. This suggests that an arts education may offer certain cognitive benefits that should be further explored and considered in the planning and funding of public education.  \nIntroduction  \nNational surveys indicate that access to arts education in America has been declining for the last 30 years in terms of instructional time, budget and resources 1. An arts education does not directly contribute to economic and technological advancement nor does it provide practical skills for career paths or promote skills that can be measured in a standardized test 2. It may also be viewed as lacking academic rigor and as not contributing to cognitive development. Indeed, there is relatively little causal evidence in the scientific literature showing that an arts-based education leads to better academic results 3.  \nHowever, the intrinsic value of an arts education may bein nurturing self-expression and discovery, teaching cultural awareness, and exercising parts of the brain that may not get as much stimulation in non-arts subjects. An arts education may offer a distinctive way of fostering creativity that a non-arts subject does not.  \nHuman creativity plays a critical role in innovation, technological advancement and societal progress. According to the American Psychology Association Dictionary, creativity is “the ability to produce or develop original work, theories, techniques, or thoughts”4. We do not know why certain people are more creative than others or whether creativity is inheritable or mostly learned. However, education systems generally value creativity,  \nwhether it is demonstrated in crafting persuasive writing, designing scientific experiments through novel approaches, writing elegant mathematical proofs, or forming creative connections between seemingly unrelated historical events. Creativity ultimately leads to the type of thinking and problem solving that is needed to address the world’s most challenging and intractable problems 1. As there is no one measure of creativity, this study focuses on three measures of creativity: divergent thinking, cognitive flexibility and creative self-efficacy or self-identity.  \nOne widely recognized measur","cbCaiuVOdcdi2QPL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuVOdcdi2QPL","pdf",1261961,"English","# Introduction\n## Creativity and its measured components\n## Divergent thinking measures\n## Prior research on arts vs STEM and training effects","[{\"question\":\"How is creativity measured in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Creativity is measured using divergent thinking, cognitive flexibility, and creative self-efficacy/self-identity, combining objective and subjective measures.\"},{\"question\":\"What was the study sample and comparison group?\",\"answer\":\"The study surveyed 100 high school students: 50 attending an arts conservatory and 50 non-arts students from a more traditional school setting.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the results show about arts-educated students?\",\"answer\":\"Arts students had statistically significantly higher creativity scores than non-arts students (p \\u003c 0.01), supporting the study’s hypothesis.\"}]","Heightened Measures of Divergent Thinking and Cognitive Flexibility in Arts-Educated Students | PDF",15]