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It examines systemic excellence articulated during Kerr’s presidency and supported by the California Master Plan, alongside the rise of fox culture focused on resource pursuit. It argues that UC’s hedgehog concept of systemic excellence did not integrate diversity and calls for a revised concept for UC’s multicultural 21st-century role.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/hedgehogs-and-foxes-at-the-crossroads-leadership-and-diversity-at-the-university-of-california-leadership-and-diversity-analysis/594735/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/hedgehogs-and-foxes-at-the-crossroads-leadership-and-diversity-at-the-university-of-california-leadership-and-diversity-analysis/594735.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ben ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What leadership contrast does the paper examine?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The paper contrasts hedgehog leaders who focus on “one big thing” with fox leaders who pursue “many things.” It uses Clark Kerr and David Gardner as archetypes of these two approaches.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the paper describe systemic excellence at UC?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It describes systemic excellence as a hedgehog concept articulated during Clark Kerr’s presidency and linked to the California Master Plan for Higher Education.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How is diversity treated in relation to the hedgehog concept?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The paper argues that diversity did not become part of UC’s hedgehog concept of systemic excellence; instead, it was handled in an ad-hoc, fox-like manner.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},594735,1792803529,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336478951081,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","UC Berkeley  \nBerkeley Review of Education  \nTitle  \nHedgehogs and Foxes at the Crossroads: Leadership and Diversity at the University of California  \nPermalink  \n[https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5wg0x669](https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5wg0x669)  \nJournal  \nBerkeley Review of Education, 2(1)  \nISSN  \n1947-5578  \nAuthor  \nGonzález, Cristina  \nPublication Date  \n2011-01-01  \n[eScholarship.org](eScholarship.org) Powered by the California Digital Library  \nUniversity of California  \nAvailable online at [http://escholarship.org/uc/ucbgse_bre](http://escholarship.org/uc/ucbgse_bre)  \nHedgehogs and Foxes at the Crossroads: Leadership and Diversity at the University of  \nCalifornia  \nCristina González 1  \nUniversity of California, Davis  \nAbstract  \nFollowing Clark Kerr’s distinction between hedgehogs, or visionary leaders who know“one big thing,” and foxes, or shrewd leaders who know“many things,” this paper studies Kerr, an archetypical hedgehog, and David Gardner, a quintessential fox, as models for these two types of leaders. The paper also analyzes the hedgehog concept of systemic excellence, which was articulated during Kerr’s presidency and underpins the California Master Plan for Higher Education, and the rise of fox culture, with its focus on the pursuit of resources, which coincided with Gardner’s tenure as president. In addition, the paper examines diversity as an element that never became incorporated into the University of California’s (U. C.) hedgehog concept of systemic excellence, but rather has been dealt with in an ad-hoc, fox-like manner. The paper calls for a new hedgehog concept of systemic excellence for the University of California as the premier multicultural and international institution of higher learning in the 21st century.  \nKeywords: Leadership, Diversity, Hedgehog Concept, Fox Culture, Clark Kerr, David Gardner, University of California  \nWhile other countries are preparing their citizens for the demands of the knowledgebased global economy, the United States is privatizing its public institutions of higher learning, including the University of California (U.C.), which is facing the greatest crisis in its history.2 Drastic budget cuts are reducing students' ability to obtain a university education at a time when more people, including more women and minorities, require access to the highest levels of learning. The university must have diverse leadership in order to articulate and implement a new vision for a state that is at the crossroads of history. In this paper, I will examine the administrative contributions of some key past U.C. presidents with the purpose of conceptualizing what is needed today. Reviewing the  \n1 Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Cristina González, Department of Spanish, University of California, Davis; 702 Sproul Hall, Davis, CA 95616. E-mail: [crigonzalez@ucdavis.edu](crigonzalez@ucdavis.edu)  \n2 This essay is based on a presentation delivered at the Symposium on the State of Public Education in California, held on March 12, 2010, at the University of California, Berkeley. I am grateful to the conference organizers for their kind invitation and warm hospitality. My paper is a continuation of a previous article titled “Hedgehogs, Foxes, Leadership Renewal and Succession Planning” (University of California, Berkeley: Center for Studies in Higher Education, 2007, CSHE. 17.07), with which it partially overlaps, and is a preview of some of the arguments contained in my book, Clark Kerr’s University of California: Leadership, Diversity and Planning in Higher Education (Transaction, 2011) . I thank the CSHE and Transaction Publishers for granting me permission to publish this essay.  \nBerkeley Review of Education Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 69-84  \n70 González  \nhistory of the U.C. from the point of view of leadership and diversity is necessary to begin to reflect about its future. How well we understand what has happened to us will determine how well we are able ","cbCaie4gshqJU8Gg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaie4gshqJU8Gg","pdf",252697,17,"English","# Introduction\n## Hedgehogs and foxes as leadership models\n# Leadership, systemic excellence, and diversity\n## Systemic excellence under Clark Kerr\n## Fox culture under David Gardner\n# Call for renewed leadership vision","[{\"question\":\"What leadership contrast does the paper examine?\",\"answer\":\"The paper contrasts hedgehog leaders who focus on “one big thing” with fox leaders who pursue “many things.” It uses Clark Kerr and David Gardner as archetypes of these two approaches.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the paper describe systemic excellence at UC?\",\"answer\":\"It describes systemic excellence as a hedgehog concept articulated during Clark Kerr’s presidency and linked to the California Master Plan for Higher Education.\"},{\"question\":\"How is diversity treated in relation to the hedgehog concept?\",\"answer\":\"The paper argues that diversity did not become part of UC’s hedgehog concept of systemic excellence; instead, it was handled in an ad-hoc, fox-like manner.\"}]","Hedgehogs and Foxes at the Crossroads - Leadership and Diversity at the University of California - Leadership and diversity analysis | PDF",1792079744,43]