[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-400059-105":59,"doc-detail-400059-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":127,"head_meta":129,"extra_data":131,"updated_unix":133},105,"en","heavy-metals-capture-from-water-sludge-by-kenaf-fibre-activated-carbon-in-batch-adsorption","Heavy Metals Capture from Water Sludge by Kenaf Fibre Activated Carbon in Batch Adsorption","","Malaysia’s wastewater treatment plants still lack an environmentally sound alternative for treating sludge before disposal. The sludge often contains substantial heavy metals such as Fe, Ti, Mn, Zn, As, Cu, Ni, Zr, and Ga, which are commonly landfilled. This work develops a low-cost, flexible batch adsorption approach using kenaf-derived fiber converted to activated carbon to recover heavy metals. Adsorbent characterization, elemental analysis, contact time, sludge pH, and temperature effects are evaluated, alongside adsorption isotherms. Results show promising removal with an average ~30% heavy metal removal, best achieved under neutral pH, higher uptake with longer contact time, and increased removal at higher temperatures.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/heavy-metals-capture-from-water-sludge-by-kenaf-fibre-activated-carbon-in-batch-adsorption/400059/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/heavy-metals-capture-from-water-sludge-by-kenaf-fibre-activated-carbon-in-batch-adsorption/400059.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"vwvw","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-27",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is sludge treatment in Malaysia considered an environmental challenge?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Sludge from wastewater treatment often contains high levels of heavy metals and is frequently disposed of via landfilling, which can contribute to potential pollutant release.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What adsorbent is studied for heavy metal recovery in the sludge?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Kenaf fiber is utilized as activated carbon (kenaf-based activated carbon) to capture heavy metals from wastewater sludge through batch adsorption.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which operating factors affect removal efficiency in the batch adsorption study?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study investigates contact time, sludge pH, and temperature, and also examines adsorption isotherms and adsorbent characterization (surface area and pore characteristics).",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"What are the key findings regarding removal performance?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"The developed kenaf activated carbon is promising for heavy metals, achieving an average removal of about 30% in batch adsorption. Best removal occurs at neutral pH, longer contact time increases equilibrium uptake, and higher temperature improves percent removal.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},400059,1790944494,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149,"preview_page_count":4},3985747874149,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/3a001161165b4dc3d9e?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1790129441039064114","Journal of Ecological Engineering ReceReviivedsed:: 20202020..0405..2185  \nVolume 21, Issue 6, August 2020, pages 102–115 Accepted: 2020.06.06  \nAvailable online: 2020.07.01  \n[https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/](https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/)  \nHeavy Metals Capture from Water Sludge by Kenaf Fibre Activated Carbon in Batch Adsorption  \nAnwar Ameen Hezam Saeed 1, NoorfidzaYub Harun 1*, Neisha Zulfani 1  \n1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia  \n* Corresponding author’[s e-mail: noorfidza.yub@utp.edu.my](s e-mail: noorfidza.yub@utp.edu.my)  \nABSTRACT  \nThe Malaysia’s wastewater treatment plant has yet to find an environmentally alternative for the sludge treatment before disposal. In majority of cases, the sludge containing a high amount of heavy metals including Fe, Ti, Mn, Zn, As, Cu, Ni, Zr, and Ga, is disposed to the environment through landfill. The recovery of valuable materials such as manganese from the sludge is an alternative path towards zero dumpings of schedule waste as well as away of reducing the possible pollutant release to the environment. It can be achieved through adsorption, as it provides a cheap yet flexible, method which is simple and easy to implement. Kenaf derived from Hibiscus cannabis was proven as a good adsorbent material for the heavy metals recovery. This project aims at utilizing Kenaf fiber as activated carbon to recover heavy metals from wastewater sludge in batch adsorption. The adsorbent surface area and pore characteristics and elemental analysis were observed under adsorbent characterization. The effect of contact time, sludge pH and temperature to the removal efficiency was investigated. The adsorption isotherm was also studied. The result showed that the developed kenaf activated carbon is a promising adsorbent which might be used for some heavy metals. From batch adsorption study, it was observed that KFAC is able to remove an average 30% of the heavy metal element from the sludge. It was also found that the best removal is achieved in a neutral pH solution, increasing the contact time will increase the equilibrium uptake, while the increasing temperature will increase the percent removal of heavy metals. It was concluded that the Kenaf based activated carbon can be used for the recovery of heavy metals from the wastewater sludge through batch adsorption.  \nKeywords: Kenaf fiber, activated carbon, sludge, heavy metals, batch adsorption, water treatment  \nINTRODUCTION  \nAiming towards zero discharge of residuals from water treatment has been targeted for decades. However, the chemical and biological treatments, which contribute to the discharge of sludge problems, cannot be avoided for safe and clean water. The sludge produced, containing high amounts of contaminants, is another thing to concern before discharging it to the environment. The recovery of valuable materials from the sludge is an alternative path towards zero dumpings of schedule waste as well as a way of reducing the possible pollutant release to the environment. In the majority of cases connected to the Malaysia sewage management, the sludge containing a high amount of heavy metals is disposed ofto the environment through landfill.  \nAt a certain level, the accumulated amount of heavy metals being disposed of can cause an undesired effect on the environment. The current sludge management available includes the disposal without treatment, disposal after treatment as well as utilization and reuse of nutrients & recyclables with or without treatment. In Malaysia, the majority of research has been done on the heavy metals capture from wastewater. However, the research on the recovery of heavy metals particularly in the wastewater sludge has yet to be done intensively; hence, most of the time, the heavy metals contained in the sludge obtained from wastewater treatment plants are disposed of either in a sanitary landfill or through incineration.  \nTh","cbCaicXbHFmWvQhG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicXbHFmWvQhG","pdf",2191286,14,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why is sludge treatment in Malaysia considered an environmental challenge?\",\"answer\":\"Sludge from wastewater treatment often contains high levels of heavy metals and is frequently disposed of via landfilling, which can contribute to potential pollutant release.\"},{\"question\":\"What adsorbent is studied for heavy metal recovery in the sludge?\",\"answer\":\"Kenaf fiber is utilized as activated carbon (kenaf-based activated carbon) to capture heavy metals from wastewater sludge through batch adsorption.\"},{\"question\":\"Which operating factors affect removal efficiency in the batch adsorption study?\",\"answer\":\"The study investigates contact time, sludge pH, and temperature, and also examines adsorption isotherms and adsorbent characterization (surface area and pore characteristics).\"},{\"question\":\"What are the key findings regarding removal performance?\",\"answer\":\"The developed kenaf activated carbon is promising for heavy metals, achieving an average removal of about 30% in batch adsorption. Best removal occurs at neutral pH, longer contact time increases equilibrium uptake, and higher temperature improves percent removal.\"}]","Heavy Metals Capture from Water Sludge by Kenaf Fibre Activated Carbon in Batch Adsorption | PDF",1790507078,35]