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They use some electricity to operate, typically improving efficiency substantially compared with direct electrical heating.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Why is correct design and installation important for heat pump performance?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Proper preparation during design, installation, and operation helps ensure the system is efficient and reliable. It also supports optimized cost value and low emissions by ensuring the heat pump, heat extraction system, and distribution system are correctly designed and installed.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Who is this guide intended for and what does it provide?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The guide is intended for owners, engineers, and consultants, especially those with limited experience. It sets out good practice for implementing heat pump systems and lists sources with more detailed information on technology aspects.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},655793,1792979037,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",{"doc_id":79,"user_id":84,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":85,"doc_module":4,"category_id":86,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":87,"file_id":88,"file_url":89,"file_type":90,"file_size":91,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":92,"language":93,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":94,"faqs":95,"seo_title":96,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":97,"read_time":98},13056703020460,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253dac470eee5d?_k=1778207105932848923",6,"Heat Pumps-Technology Guide  \nHeat Pumps Technology Guide August 2020  \nReport prepared for SEAI by:  \nRicardo Energy & Environment  \nDisclaimer  \nWhile every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the contents of this report, SEAI accepts no liability whatsoever to any third party for any loss or damage arising from any interpretation or use of the information contained in this report, or reliance on any views expressed therein. Public disclosure is authorised. This guide maybe reproduced in full or, if content is extracted, then it should be fully credited to SEAI.  \nSustainable Energy Authority of Ireland  \nSEAI is Ireland’s national energy authority investing in, and delivering, appropriate, effective and sustainable solutions to help Ireland’s transition to a clean energy future. We work with Government, homeowners, businesses and communities to achieve this, through expertise, funding, educational programmes, policy advice, research and the development of new technologies.  \nSEAI is funded by the Government of Ireland through the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment.  \n© Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland  \nReproduction of the contents is permissible provided the source is acknowledged.  \nContents  \n1. Introduction 1  \n1.1. Purpose of this guide 1  \n1.2. Scope 1  \n2. Overview of heat pumps 2  \n2.1. Concepts 3  \n2.2. Heat pump cycle types 3  \n2.2.1. Vapour compression cycle heat pumps 3  \n2.2.2. Transcritical heat pumps 4  \n2.2.3. Absorption heat pumps 5  \n2.3. An efficient and reliable heat pump system 6  \n2.3.1. Heat pump 6  \n2.3.2. Other system components 6  \n2.3.3. The building 6  \n2.3.4. Thermal insulation of components 6  \n2.4. Measures of efficiency 7  \n2.4.1. Seasonal performance factor 7  \n2.4.2. Coefficient of performance 7  \n2.4.3. Seasonal coefficient of performance 7  \n3. Heat sources 8  \n3.1. Air-to-water 8  \n3.2. Ground-to-water and water-to-water 10  \n3.2.1. Types of system 10  \n3.2.2. Heat exchangers 12  \n3.2.3. Ground-to-water 12  \n3.2.4. Water-to-water 15  \n3.2.5. Shared ground-or water-source system 17  \n3.2.6. Other considerations 17  \n3.3. Air-to-air 17  \n4. Heat distribution systems and factors influencing their design 18  \n4.1. Accurate determination of heat load 18  \n4.2. Radiators 18  \n4.2.1. Oversizing standard steel radiators 18  \n4.2.2. Low-temperature radiators 19  \n4.3. Hydronic underfloor heating 19  \n4.3.1. Suspended timber floors 20  \n4.3.2. Floor coverings 20  \n4.3.3. Retrofit 20  \n4.4. Integrating heating, ventilation and air-conditioning 21  \n4.5. Hot water provision 21  \n4.6. Process and other heat use 22  \n4.7. Pipework and pumps 22  \n4.8. Antifreeze 23  \n4.9. Cooling 23  \n5. Integration with other heat sources 26  \n5.1. Bivalent parallel 27  \n5.2. Bivalent alternative 27  \n6. Controls 28  \n6.1. Weather compensation 28  \n6.2. Speed control 28  \n7. Buffers tanks and thermal stores 29  \n7.1. Operation 30  \n7.2. Seasonal thermal stores 30  \n8. Metering 31  \n8.1. Heat metering 31  \n8.1.1. Principles and types of meter 31  \n8.1.2. Flow sensors 32  \n8.1.3. Temperature sensors 32  \n8.1.4. Integrators 32  \n8.2. Meter classifications 33  \n8.3. Installation 33  \n8.4. Maintenance and calibration 34  \n8.5. Electricity metering 35  \n8.6. Data logging 35  \n9. Electricity supply issues 36  \nAppendix 1: Heat pump concepts 37  \nA.1 . Concepts 37  \nA.2 . Heat pump cycles 37  \nA.2.1 . Vapour compression cycle 38  \nA.2.2 . Transcritical heat pumps 39  \nA.3 . Absorption heat pumps 39  \n1. Introduction  \nIreland has a long-term vision for a low-carbon energy system. It aims at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector by between 80% and 90%(compared with 1990 levels) before 2050. Achieving this target will require a radical transformation of Ireland’s energy system, a reduction in energy demand, and a move away from fossil fuels to zero-or low-carbon fuels and energy sources.  \nAir-, ground-and water-source heat pumps extract naturally occurring, renewab","cbCaisorFZRunYB0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisorFZRunYB0","pdf",3235574,44,"English","# Introduction\n## Purpose of this guide\n## Scope\n# Overview of heat pumps\n## Concepts\n## Heat pump cycle types\n# Heat sources\n## Air-to-water\n## Ground-to-water and water-to-water\n## Air-to-air\n# Heat distribution systems and factors influencing their design\n## Accurate determination of heat load\n## Radiators\n## Hydronic underfloor heating\n## Integrating heating, ventilation and air-conditioning\n## Hot water provision\n# Integration with other heat sources\n# Controls\n# Buffers tanks and thermal stores\n# Metering\n## Heat metering\n## Electricity metering\n## Data logging\n# Electricity supply issues","[{\"question\":\"What does a heat pump system do in terms of energy use and heat upgrading?\",\"answer\":\"Heat pumps extract naturally occurring renewable heat from air, ground, or water and upgrade it to a usable temperature for heating or cooling loads. 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