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Scientists are Learning About Age and the Cardiovascular System  \n■◆¥春  \nNationl lnsitute on Aging  \nU.S.Department of Health and Humon ServicesPublic Health Service,National Institutes of Health  \nNIH Publication No.98-3738Reprint 1998  \nAcknowledgements  \nWriter:Coroline McNeil,NIA Informohion Ofice,Notionol Inshitutes of Heolth  \nPreface  \nge is the major risk factorfor cardiovascular disease.Heart disease and stroke risesteeply after age 65,accounting formore than 40 percent of all deathsamong people age 65 to 74 andalmost 60 percent at age 85 andabove.People age 65 and over aremuch more likely than youngerpeople to suffer a heart attack,tohave a stroke,and to develop coro-nary heart disease and high bloodpressure leading to heart failure.Cardiovascular diseases are alsomajor causes of disability,limitingthe activity and eroding the qualityof life of millions of older peopleeach year.Their cost to the Nationis in the billions.  \nTo understand why aging is soclosely linked to cardiovasculardisease,and ultimately to under-stand the causes and cures for thisgroup of diseases,it is essential tounderstand what is happening inthe heart and arteries during nor-mal aging—aging in the absenceof disease.This understanding has  \nmoved forward dramatically in thelast 20 years.The purpose of thisbook is to tell the story of thisprogress,describe some of themost important findings,and givea sense of what may lie ahead.  \nResearch on the aging heart andblood vessels takes place at severaldifferent research centers.A greatdeal of this work is centered in theLaboratory of Cardiovascular Sci-ence at the National Institute onAging(NIA).Many of the re-searchers mentioned in the follow-ing pages work in or with this labo-ratory.Some served as post-doc-toral fellows or visiting scientists atNIA;some are funded by the Insti-tute.Others have worked at orbeen funded by the NationalHeart,Lung,and Blood Institute(NHLBI).NIA and NHLBI are twoof 17 institutes at the National In-stitutes of Health,and their work iscomplementary.NIA research fo-cuses on the effects of aging on theheart,blood vessels,and otherparts of the body,while NHLBIworks to understand the diseasesand risk factors that affect theheart and blood vessels.  \nBoth perspectives are bringing uscloser to the possibility that heartdisease and stroke will someday bedefeated.Research on the basicbiology of the aging cardiovascularsystem gives hope that we as aNation need not accept the highrates of death and disability andthe enormous health care costsimposed by cardiovascular diseaseamong older people in our society.  \nRichard J.Hodes,M.D.DirectorNational Institute on Aging  \nCONTENTS  \nForeword  \nA Host ofInterconnections  \nThe Rest of the Journey:16Blood Vessels and Aging  \nAge has a lot to do with stifeningblood vessels which seem to have alot to do with heart function.  \n8  \n4  \nAge and the Heart  \nStudies show that the heartchanges with age but does notnecessarily deteriorate in all ways-and that it can continue tosupport a physically fit body.  \nCellular Clues24Discoveries in the world of cells,molecules,and genes couldhold the ultimate answer toheart health.  \n# In Brief\n\n■ Heart Dynamics7  \n■ Measuring the Heart12  \n■ The Biology of Physical Fitness14  \n■ Arteries:Young and Old18  \n■ Age and Arteries19  \n■ Measuring Stifness20  \n■ When the Brain Talks to the Heart-  22Does Age Make a Difference?  \n■ How a Myocyte Contracts25  \n■ Exercise and the Aging Myocyte26  \n■ What Happens During Atherosclerosis?28  \n■ Can Gene Therapy Be Used to Treat 31Heart Problems?  \n# Afterword\n\nWhat Lies Ahead?  \n▶Glossary  \n33  \n# A Host of Interconnections\n\nFOREWORD  \nhe heart is an intri-cate pumping devicewith dozens of cun-ning connections.Blood flows from thebody into the rightreceiving chamber,pushes past a valveto the next chambe","cbCaioxWTKNb4deS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioxWTKNb4deS","pdf",3305426,44,"English","# In Brief\n## Heart Dynamics\n## Measuring the Heart\n## The Biology of Physical Fitness\n## Arteries: Young and Old\n## Age and Arteries\n## Measuring Stiffness\n## When the Brain Talks to the Heart - Does Age Make a Difference?\n## How a Myocyte Contracts\n## Exercise and the Aging Myocyte\n## What Happens During Atherosclerosis?\n## Can Gene Therapy Be Used to Treat Heart Problems?\n# A Host of Interconnections\n# What Lies Ahead?\n# Glossary","[{\"question\":\"Why does the risk of cardiovascular disease increase with age?\",\"answer\":\"The text explains that heart disease and stroke risk rise steeply after age 65, affecting death rates and leading to conditions such as coronary heart disease and high blood pressure.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the book’s central purpose regarding aging and the cardiovascular system?\",\"answer\":\"It aims to tell the story of scientific progress in understanding what happens in the heart and arteries during normal aging, summarize important findings, and indicate what may come next.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document connect aging to changes in heart function and adaptation?\",\"answer\":\"It states that aging involves intricate alterations—slowing in some areas and enhancement in others—resulting in adaptation, and that dysfunction in adaptation mechanisms may contribute to disease.\"}]","Hearts and Arteries - What Scientists are Learning About Age and the Cardiovascular System | PDF",1791863379,111]