[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-459987-105":59,"doc-detail-459987-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","heart-failure-targeting-obesity-for-heart-failure","Heart Failure - Targeting Obesity for Heart Failure","","Obesity is a growing global health challenge and a major driver of increasing heart failure prevalence, impacting HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. Through haemodynamic stress, neurohormonal activation, metabolic dysfunction and systemic inflammation, excess weight raises HF incidence, while the obesity paradox complicates prognosis in established disease. This review summarizes evidence on bidirectional obesity-HF links and evaluates intentional weight loss, including bariatric surgery, diet, pharmacology (notably GLP-1 receptor agonists), and structured exercise, while identifying gaps on long-term outcomes and combined GLP-1 and SGLT2 inhibitor benefit.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/heart-failure-targeting-obesity-for-heart-failure/459987/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/heart-failure-targeting-obesity-for-heart-failure/459987.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Marglet","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does obesity increase the risk and incidence of heart failure?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Obesity contributes to HF through haemodynamic stress, neurohormonal activation, metabolic dysfunction and systemic inflammation, which promote disease development.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is the “obesity paradox” mentioned in the review?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The obesity paradox refers to the counterintuitive observation that higher BMI can be associated with improved survival in patients with established HF.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which interventions for intentional weight loss show promise for heart failure outcomes?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Bariatric surgery shows consistent benefits across HF phenotypes, and dietary and pharmacological interventions—especially GLP-1 receptor agonists—show promise. Structured exercise and rehabilitation programmes also have emerging support.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},459987,1790790439,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},2336477982702,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","REVIEW  \nHeart Failure  \nTargeting Obesity for Heart Failure  \nEmily Morris  and Oliver Rider   \nOxford Centre for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK  \nAbstract  \nObesity is a growing global health challenge and a significant contributor to the rising prevalence of heart failure (HF), affecting both HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. While obesity increases HF incidence through haemodynamic stress, neurohormonal activation, metabolic dysfunction and systemic inflammation, the so-called ‘obesity paradox’ complicates our understanding of prognosis in established HF. This review examines the complex bidirectional relationship between obesity and HF, summarising evidence for the effects of intentional weight loss on cardiac structure, function and clinical outcomes. Bariatric surgery provides consistent benefits across HF phenotypes, while dietary and pharmacological interventions, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, show promise for cardiometabolic improvement. Emerging evidence also supports structured exercise and rehabilitation programmes. However, gaps remain regarding the long-term efficacy of interventions and the additive benefit of GLP-1 receptor agonists with sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Understanding and targeting obesity in HF is essential for the improvement in morbidity and mortality in this high-risk population.  \nKeywords  \nHeart failure, obesity, weight loss  \nReceived: 16 June 2025 Accepted: 21 August 2025 Citation: European Cardiology Review 2025;20:e38 . DOI: [https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2025.37](https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2025.37)[ ](https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2025.37)[Disclosure:](Disclosure: OR has received grants from the British Heart Foundation and Imbria Pharmaceuticals)[ OR has received grants from the British Heart Foundation and Imbria Pharmaceuticals](Disclosure: OR has received grants from the British Heart Foundation and Imbria Pharmaceuticals), consulting fees from AstraZeneca and honoraria from Novo Nordisk, and serves on an advisory board for Novo Nordisk. EM has no conflicts of interest to declare.  \nCorrespondence: Emily Morris, Oxford Centre for Magnetic Resonance Research, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. E: [emily.morris@gtc.ox.ac.uk](emily.morris@gtc.ox.ac.uk)  \nCopyright: © The Author(s) 2025. This work is open access and is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0. Users may copy, redistribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work is cited correctly.  \nHeart failure (HF) is a growing global health burden, affecting more than 56 million people worldwide, with significant morbidity, mortality and economic consequences.1 While hypertension, diabetes and coronary artery disease have traditionally dominated the aetiological landscape of HF, the global rise in obesity, now affecting more than 880 million adults, has brought increasing attention to its role in the pathogenesis of HF.2–4  \nThe link between obesity and HF has been recognised for over two decades, with epidemiological studies suggesting that for every unit increase in BMI above normal, the risk of developing HF increases by 5–7% .5 This is particularly the case for HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), with 1 SD increase in BMI associated with a 1.34-fold increased hazard of future HFpEF and a 1.18-fold increased hazard of future HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) .6 Despite these associations, the relationship between obesity and HF remains complex, particularly given the obesity paradox: the counterintuitive observation that a higher BMI is associated with improved survival in patients with established HF.7, 8  \nDue to concerns regarding the obesity paradox, the 2016 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines advised that weight loss could not be recommended for HF patients with moderate degrees of obesity (BMI \u003C35 kg/m²) .9 In more advanced obesity, the ESC advised tha","cbCaiuZ5v5JNnPcF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuZ5v5JNnPcF","pdf",237236,"English","# Abstract\n# Obesity as a Driver of Heart Failure\n## Epidemiology and the obesity paradox\n# Weight-Loss Evidence in Heart Failure\n## Guidelines and recommended targets\n## Mechanistic pathways and cardiac remodelling\n## Intentional weight loss: evidence and evidence gaps","[{\"question\":\"How does obesity increase the risk and incidence of heart failure?\",\"answer\":\"Obesity contributes to HF through haemodynamic stress, neurohormonal activation, metabolic dysfunction and systemic inflammation, which promote disease development.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the “obesity paradox” mentioned in the review?\",\"answer\":\"The obesity paradox refers to the counterintuitive observation that higher BMI can be associated with improved survival in patients with established HF.\"},{\"question\":\"Which interventions for intentional weight loss show promise for heart failure outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Bariatric surgery shows consistent benefits across HF phenotypes, and dietary and pharmacological interventions—especially GLP-1 receptor agonists—show promise. Structured exercise and rehabilitation programmes also have emerging support.\"}]","Heart Failure - Targeting Obesity for Heart Failure | PDF",1790757429,18]