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Hochbaum. The text outlines Hochbaum’s developmental framing of shifting responsibility from parents to children, key constructs such as rewards and punishments, desirable versus undesirable habits, and the role of knowledge and media. It also emphasizes difficulties in applying health knowledge and the guiding principle for consistent positive behavior.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/health-educationour-heritage-changing-health-behavior-in-youth-plus-40-years/592319/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/health-educationour-heritage-changing-health-behavior-in-youth-plus-40-years/592319.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"McGucket","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What development-based perspective does Hochbaum use in the introduction?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Hochbaum explains that infants and young children rely on parents for health and safety, while older children and adolescents assume more personal responsibility for health and wellbeing.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which factors influence desirable or undesirable health behavior in the introduction?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The introduction discusses parents and other adults, personal experiences with illness, medical personnel and peers, and television as a factor shaping desirable and undesirable behavior.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why does the document say changing health behavior can be difficult?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It highlights that people may fail to distinguish between health-promoting and health-threatening habits and that health educators may provide knowledge without focusing on applying that knowledge to everyday situations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592319,1792667527,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1236954412713,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Health Education—Our Heritage  \nChanging Health Behavior in Youth: plus 40 Years  \nRobert F. Valois, Keith J. Zullig, Michael Young, and Sandra K. Kammermann  \nEveryone who lived through the 1960s sees it through his or her own distinct prism. The conventional view is that it was a time mainly offlower children and angry protesters, of black power and militant feminism.1 The 1960s were a time when the nerve endings ofthe body politic were constantly stimulated with new sensations, but it was also a time of mindless fantasy, groundless arrogance, spiritual awareness, callow youth and misguided elders.1  \nThe year 1969, witnessed the first men on the moon (Neil Armstrong and buzz Aldrin via Apollo 11), initiation of U.S. troop withdrawal from Vietnam, the Woodstock Music and Art Festival in upstate New York on Max Yasgur’s dairy farm and invention of the microprocessor, beginning the computer revolution. In 1969, Zager and Evans released their hit song In the Year 2525. This year was also when the U.S. government banned the use of cyclamate artificial sweeteners, the“Chicago 8” was indicted in the aftermath of the Chicago Democratic Convention and Wendy’s Hamburgers opened. In addition, the U.S. Army investigated Lt. William Calley for alleged massacre of civilians at the village of My Lai in South Viet Nam, the batterypowered smoke detector was invented, major league baseball player Curt Flood sued baseball challenging the “reserve clause”that restricted a player’s choice about for whom he played, and Tommy Hilfiger began selling flowered shirts and bell bottom pants at the People’s Place in Elmira, New York.  \nFor those in health education, 1969 also  \nmarked the debut of School Health Review, the forerunner to the current American Journal of Health Education. The inaugural issue of School Health Review, in September of 1969 included the article,“Changing Health behavior in Youth,” by Dr. Godfrey M. Hochbaum.2  \nThe 1969 Hochbaum2 article, reprinted in this issue of the Journal, is segmented in three sections. The first section is an introduction, the second is entitled “A Common Denominator–The Effects on Health,” and the last section is “Difficulty of Application to Everyday Life.” In the introduction, the author suggested that before considering the need for changing health behavior, it may be advantageous to contemplate how we learn about health behavior. This may help us understand why effecting change can be difficult and how health educators might best succeed in bringing about positive health behavior.  \nThe introduction follows a developmental theme. As infants and young children, we rely on our parents to provide for our health and safety. As we become older children and adolescents, we begin to take more personal responsibility for our own health and wellbeing. Hochbaum uses hygiene, safety and healthy habits as examples of areas in which there is a shift in responsibility from parent to child. He identifies concepts of “rewardsand punishments” for health behavior,“desirable and undesirable behavior,” the development of “habits” and “behavior patterns,”and the impact of knowledge con-  \ncerning the influence of behavior on future health status. The influence of parents and other adults on personal health behavior is also noted, along with personal experiences with illness, influence of medical personnel and peers. Finally, television is identified asa factor in influencing desirable/undesirable health behavior.  \nIn the next section of the introduction he discusses ideas, attitudes and beliefs about health and illness, and notes that some health behaviors/habits are well established in early childhood, before young people understand the impact of those behaviors on present or future health. When children go to school they are exposed to more systematic and reliable health information. They are also gaining the ability to judge and make decisions about some of their own health behaviors.  \nRobert F. Valois is a profe","cbCaif7e3qpGDStX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaif7e3qpGDStX","pdf",128369,"English","# Health Education—Our Heritage\n## Background of the 1969 article\n## Introduction developmental theme\n## From knowledge to everyday application\n## Guiding principle through athletic example","[{\"question\":\"What development-based perspective does Hochbaum use in the introduction?\",\"answer\":\"Hochbaum explains that infants and young children rely on parents for health and safety, while older children and adolescents assume more personal responsibility for health and wellbeing.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors influence desirable or undesirable health behavior in the introduction?\",\"answer\":\"The introduction discusses parents and other adults, personal experiences with illness, medical personnel and peers, and television as a factor shaping desirable and undesirable behavior.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the document say changing health behavior can be difficult?\",\"answer\":\"It highlights that people may fail to distinguish between health-promoting and health-threatening habits and that health educators may provide knowledge without focusing on applying that knowledge to everyday situations.\"}]","Health Education—Our Heritage - Changing Health Behavior in Youth - plus 40 Years | PDF",1792074308,13]