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In people with obesity, migraine risk of chronicity increases, while weight reduction improves IIH-related headaches, likely via lower cerebrospinal fluid pressure. This narrative review examines how glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) may help manage headaches, especially in IIH and migraine, and discusses adverse-event challenges and knowledge gaps.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/headache-and-glp-1-receptor-agonists-when-medications-are-therapeutic-and-when-they-contribute-to-the-symptom/435953/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/headache-and-glp-1-receptor-agonists-when-medications-are-therapeutic-and-when-they-contribute-to-the-symptom/435953.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Lucas Martin","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",16,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"How are obesity and chronic headache conditions connected?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Obesity is associated with higher risk of headache disorders, including migraine and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Weight reduction is linked to improvements in IIH-related headaches, likely through decreased cerebrospinal fluid pressure.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What are GLP-1 receptor agonists, and what do they do?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"GLP-1 receptor agonists mimic endogenous GLP-1 activity, supporting glucose homeostasis and appetite reduction. The review also highlights potential actions in the central nervous system, including modulation of neuroinflammation and neuroprotective effects.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why might GLP-1 RAs help with headaches in IIH and migraine?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The review links GLP-1 RA–induced weight loss to significant improvement in debilitating headaches, particularly in IIH and migraine. It also suggests anti-inflammatory and cytokine-modulating effects may contribute to pain regulation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},435953,1790763974,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},8796095360427,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Article published online: 2025-10-27  \nReview Article 1  \nHeadache and GLP-1 receptor agonists: when medications are therapeutic and when they contribute to the symptom  \nErika Tavares Ferreira 1 Leidys Marina Pedrozo Garcia2 Renata Gomes Londero3  \n1 Consultório privado, Jaraguá do Sul SC, Brazil. Address for correspondence Renata Gomes Londero 2 Consultorio privado, Valledupar, Cesar, Colombia. (email: [rlondero@hcpa.edu.br](rlondero@hcpa.edu.br))  \n3 Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Neurologia, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.  \nArq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. 2025;83(10):s00451812303 .  \nAbstract  \nKeywords  \n► Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists  \n► Headache Disorders  \n► Obesity  \n► Migraine Disorders  \nObesity is a complex metabolic disorder with significant implications for both individual and public health. It has been strongly linked to chronic headache conditions, including migraines and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) . Individuals with obesity who suffer from migraine are at increased risk of chronification, while weight reduction has been associated with improvement in IIH-related headaches, likely due toa decrease in cerebrospinal fluid pressure. These observations underscore the importance of weight management strategies as a therapeutic consideration in patients with obesity and headache disorders. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are pharmacological agents that mimic the hormone’s endogenous activity. Analysis of selected studies highlights that these agents have emerged as a promising therapeutic option. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the role of GLP-1 RAs in the management of headaches, particularly in the context of IIH, migraine, and the gut– brain axis. Additionally, this review addresses the challenges associated with the use of this pharmaceutical class, including the potential for headaches as adverse effect , and identifies existing knowledge gaps that may guide future research.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nObesity is a condition associated with significant personal and social burden.1 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a body mass index 􀀕 30 kg/m2 defines obesity. Since the 1990s, the global prevalence of obesity has risen alarmingly, affecting both developed and developing countries.2 In addition to being a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, type-2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer, obesity also increases the risk of chronic pain syndromes, including headache disorders.3,4  \nGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone secreted by intestinal L-cells in response to nutrient intake.5 Its primary role is to stimulate insulin secretion in a glucosedependent manner and to suppress glucagon release, thereby contributing to glucose homeostasis.6 Additionally, this hormone delays gastric emptying, enhances satiety, and reduces appetite, making it a key target in pharmacological strategies for weight management.7 Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are synthetic agents that mimic the effects of the endogenous action of GLP-1 but  \nreceived  \nFebruary 7, 2025 received in its final form June 23, 2025.  \naccepted  \nAugust 2, 2025  \nDOI [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)10.1055/s-0045-1812303 . ISSN 0004-282X.  \nEditor-in-Chief: Hélio A. G. Teive.  \nAssociate Editor: Pedro André Kowacs.  \n© 2025. The Author(s) .  \nThis is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))  \nThieme Revinter Publicações Ltda. , Rua Rego Freitas, 175, loja 1, República, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01220-010, Brazil  \n2 GLP-1 receptor agonists and headache: friends or foes? Ferreira et al.  \noffer enhanced stability due to resistance to enzymatic degradation by dipeptidyl-pep","cbCaivC64jkWRxgt","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivC64jkWRxgt","pdf",2811331,"English","# Introduction\n# Glucagon-like peptide-1 and GLP-1 receptor agonists\n## Therapeutic rationale beyond glycemic control\n# GLP-1 RAs and headache management\n## Central nervous system mechanisms and inflammation","[{\"question\":\"How are obesity and chronic headache conditions connected?\",\"answer\":\"Obesity is associated with higher risk of headache disorders, including migraine and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Weight reduction is linked to improvements in IIH-related headaches, likely through decreased cerebrospinal fluid pressure.\"},{\"question\":\"What are GLP-1 receptor agonists, and what do they do?\",\"answer\":\"GLP-1 receptor agonists mimic endogenous GLP-1 activity, supporting glucose homeostasis and appetite reduction. The review also highlights potential actions in the central nervous system, including modulation of neuroinflammation and neuroprotective effects.\"},{\"question\":\"Why might GLP-1 RAs help with headaches in IIH and migraine?\",\"answer\":\"The review links GLP-1 RA–induced weight loss to significant improvement in debilitating headaches, particularly in IIH and migraine. It also suggests anti-inflammatory and cytokine-modulating effects may contribute to pain regulation.\"}]","Headache and GLP-1 receptor agonists: when medications are therapeutic and when they contribute to the symptom | PDF",1790676073,18]