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Head and Neck Cancer Patients' Survival According to HPV Status, miRNA Profiling, and Tumour Features—A Cohort Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 3344 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijms24043344  \nAcademic Editors: Konrad Huppi and Alfred King-Yin Lam  \nReceived: 23 December 2022  \nRevised: 1 February 2023  \nAccepted: 2 February 2023  \nPublished: 7 February 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Bacteriology, Ruer Boškovi´c Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia  \n2 Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Ruer Boškovi´c Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia  \n3 Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia  \n4 Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina  \n5 Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia  \n* Correspondence: [edediol@mef.hr](edediol@mef.hr) (E.D.); [isabol@irb.hr](isabol@irb.hr) (I.S.)  \nAbstract: Head and neck cancers (HNC) are a heterogeneous group of tumours mainly associated with tobacco and alcohol use and human papillomavirus (HPV) . Over 90% of all HNC are squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Sample material from patients diagnosed with primary HNSCC (n = 76) treated with surgery as primary treatment at a single centre were assessed for HPV genotype, miR-9- 5p, miR-21-3p, miR-29a-3p and miR-100-5p expression levels. Clinical and pathological data were collected from medical records. Patients were enrolled between 2015 and 2019 and followed-up until November 2022 . Overall survival, disease-specific survival and disease-free survival were assessed and correlated with clinical, pathological, and molecular data. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess different risk factors. In the study, male gender, HPV-negative HNSCC (76.3%) mostly located in the oral region (78.9%) predominated. Most patients had stage IV cancer (47.4%), and the overall survival rate was 50% . HPV was found not to affect survival, indicating that in this population, classic risk factors predominate. The presence of both perineural and angioinvasion was strongly associated with survival in all analyses. Of all miRNAs assessed, only upregulation of miR-21 was consistently shown to be an independent predictor of poor prognosis and may thus serve as a prognostic biomarker in HNSCC.  \nKeywords: HPV; microRNA; miR-21; HNC; tumour; survival  \n1. Introduction  \nAs a combined entity, head and neck cancer (HNC) is the eighth most common cancer globally with an incidence of more than 870,000 cases (lip, oral cavity, C00–C06; oropharynx, C09–C10; nasopharynx, C11; hypopharynx, C12–C13; larynx, C32) per year in the mostrecent GLOBOCAN 2020 data [1] . Approximately 90% of HNCs [2] are head and necksquamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), which derive from the mucosal epithelium in the upper aerodigestive tract [3] . Most HNSCCs, approximately 75%, share common risk factors including alcohol and tobacco use, while human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major risk factor for approximately 25% of HNSCCs [4] . Depending on the geographical region and culture, the men","cbCaicza2vJKSPg5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicza2vJKSPg5","pdf",10784508,14,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What patients and biomarkers were evaluated in this cohort study?\",\"answer\":\"Primary HNSCC patients (n=76) were assessed for HPV genotype and miRNA expression levels including miR-9-5p, miR-21-3p, miR-29a-3p, and miR-100-5p. Clinical and pathological data were collected from medical records.\"},{\"question\":\"How were survival outcomes analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Overall survival, disease-specific survival, and disease-free survival were assessed and correlated with clinical, pathological, and molecular data. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate risk factors.\"},{\"question\":\"Did HPV status affect survival in this population?\",\"answer\":\"HPV status did not affect survival, indicating that classic risk factors predominate in this cohort. By contrast, perineural invasion and angioinvasion were strongly associated with survival in all analyses.\"}]","Head and Neck Cancer Patients' Survival According to HPV Status, miRNA Profiling, and Tumour Features - A Cohort Study | PDF",1790269907,35]