[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-321262-105":59,"doc-detail-321262-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","have-the-characteristics-of-high-earning-banks-changed-evidence-from-ohio-economic-commentary","Have the Characteristics of High-Earning Banks Changed? - Evidence from Ohio - Economic Commentary","","Bank regulators and stakeholders face increasing concern as risk-taking by lenders rises, earnings decline, and bank failures increase. This Economic Commentary examines high-earning banks in Ohio before and after deregulation, comparing average returns on assets and equity and analyzing shifts in profitability and earnings volatility. Findings show top performers earned higher returns after deregulation, while poorly managed institutions deteriorated, widening the disparity between best and worst banks.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/have-the-characteristics-of-high-earning-banks-changed-evidence-from-ohio-economic-commentary/321262/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/have-the-characteristics-of-high-earning-banks-changed-evidence-from-ohio-economic-commentary/321262.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Theodore","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",21,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why are bank regulators increasingly concerned in this study?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study notes growing worry about greater risk-taking by lenders, declining earnings, and a continued rise in bank failures.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"What does the commentary examine regarding Ohio banks?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It identifies characteristics of high-earning banks in Ohio before and after deregulation and evaluates how earnings outcomes changed in that environment.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How were banks classified as high-earning or low-earning?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Earnings were measured using average return on assets over specified five-year periods, and banks were grouped by ranking into the top 20% as high earners and the bottom 20% as low earners.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},321262,1790099422,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},7971461740886,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","by Paul R.Watro  \nM  \n1VIany factors affect bank earnings,including the overall quality of manage-ment,risk preferences,economic andcompetitive conditions,revenues,costcontrols,and luck.The relative impor-tance of these factors is important notonly to bank managers and investors,but also to regulators,who are con-cerned about banks'financial condition.  \nBank regulators and others have beenincreasingly concerned with thepresumably greater risk-taking bylenders,declining earnings,and a con-tinued rise in bank failures in thisdecade.During the 1980s,banks havebeen charging off loans at about twicethe rate that was experienced in the1970s.Banks'return on assets andequity has also fallen significantly,andthe number of bank failures hasjumped from a yearly average of lessthan 10 during the 1970s to 100-200per year over the last four years.  \nWhile financial distress in banking hasbeen attributed mostly to recessions inthe agriculture and energy industriesand to the intemational debt problem inthe early 1980s,studies have generallyconcluded that management is the keyelement between the ultimate successor failure of banks.²  \n# Have the Characteristics of\n\nHigh-Earning Banks Changed?Evidence from Ohio  \nNumerous studies have examined bankearnings to isolate factors that accountfor differences in banks'financial condi-tion.The general approach of thesestudies has been to examine a range ofbank operating ratios and to identify theones that could best explain eamings dif-ferences among banks in a given year ortime period.Researchers generally con-clude that management's control overexpenses,particularly noninterest ex-pense ratios,has been the most impor-tant determinant of bank profitability.  \nAlthough this evidence is fairly consis-tent and strong,the majority of the pre-vious studies either were conductedprior to deregulation or used data col-lected when regulatory and legislativeconstraints were more restrictive withregard to bank location,products,andprices.  \nThis Economic Commentary identifiesthe characteristics of high-earningbanks in Ohio before and after deregu-lation,showing that they have changedbecause of differences in the bankingenvironment.It also finds a greaterdisparity between the best-and worst-performing banks,with the high-earning institutions generating higherretums than they did prior toderegulation.  \nSeptember 1,1989  \nRegulatory and technologicalchanges in the banking industry havehad a pronounced effect on bankoperations in the last decade.Byanalyzing the average return onassets for both high-and low-earningbanks in Ohio over five-year periodsin the mid-1970s and mid-1980s,theauthor finds that the top-performingfinancial institutions earned higherreturns after deregulation,while theearnings of poorly managed banksdeteriorated.  \n# ■ Sample and Analysis\n\nsuch as market concentration,the shareof deposits held by thrift institutions inthe market,and personal income growthin the market.³Each of these factorsmay influence bank earnings,althoughonly some of them are under the directcontrol of bank management.Foreachof the variables,we calculated meanvalues for the high and low earners forboth periods.Using a standard statisticaltest,we determined if themeans weredifferent between the two bank groupsin either period.  \nResults are presented in tables 1through 4.Table I gives the meanvalues and differences for the high-andlow-earning banks during the pre-andpostderegulatory period.As expected,we found large differences,whichvaried considerably over time.Cautionshould be exercised in applying thesefindings to banking in general,how-ever,since results are based on datafrom only one state and on a singlecross-section study.  \nIn the last five years,banks have beenearning about the same retums on as-sets,but have been earning lowerreturns on equity than they did in the1973-1977 period,as shown in table 1.In addition,the variability in bankearmings,as indicated by the standarddeviation for the return on assets andequity,","cbCaico2e7S4vK7H","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaico2e7S4vK7H","pdf",1433681,"English","# Have the Characteristics of\nHigh-Earning Banks Changed? Evidence from Ohio\n## Sample and Analysis","[{\"question\":\"Why are bank regulators increasingly concerned in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The study notes growing worry about greater risk-taking by lenders, declining earnings, and a continued rise in bank failures.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the commentary examine regarding Ohio banks?\",\"answer\":\"It identifies characteristics of high-earning banks in Ohio before and after deregulation and evaluates how earnings outcomes changed in that environment.\"},{\"question\":\"How were banks classified as high-earning or low-earning?\",\"answer\":\"Earnings were measured using average return on assets over specified five-year periods, and banks were grouped by ranking into the top 20% as high earners and the bottom 20% as low earners.\"}]","Have the Characteristics of High-Earning Banks Changed? - Evidence from Ohio - Economic Commentary | PDF",1789958823,18]