[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-324863-105":59,"doc-detail-324863-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","has-manufacturings-presence-in-the-economy-diminished","Has Manufacturing's Presence in the Economy Diminished?","","The text evaluates whether manufacturing’s role in the American economy has declined by focusing on employment, output shares, and the broader economic linkages between sectors. It explains how backward linkages (purchases of intermediate goods, labor, and services) and forward linkages (sales of production materials) transmit effects throughout the economy. It argues that even as employment shares fall, manufacturing can sustain strength through productivity, efficiency, and technology spillovers, while facing internal conflicts tied to labor costs.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/has-manufacturings-presence-in-the-economy-diminished/324863/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/has-manufacturings-presence-in-the-economy-diminished/324863.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Clementine","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What question does the document focus on regarding manufacturing?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It asks whether manufacturing’s presence in the economy has diminished.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do backward linkages affect economic growth?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Backward linkages increase activity when an industry purchases raw materials, intermediate goods, and labor services from within the domestic economy.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do forward linkages support other sectors?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Forward linkages enhance growth when manufacturing sells production materials more efficiently at lower prices, enabling other sectors to expand and pass on lower costs.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},324863,1790171402,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},1374391974564,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253aa45c000a9e?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779874745381141002","by Randall W.Eberts and John R.Swinton  \nI hrough most of this century,manufacturing has been the keystoneof the American economy.The pro-duction of durable and nondurablegoods has ranked first in employ-ment,in capital investment,and incontribution to gross national product(GNP)for at least the last 40 years.  \nAlthough manufacturing currentlyaccounts for about 20 to 22 percent ofGNP—or roughly $814 billion annu-ally,there has been much debateabout whether or not it is on thedecline,and whether or not its prom-inence has been overshadowed bythe service industries.  \nPessimists,who fear decline,say thatmanufacturing's total employmentshare has dropped steadily sinceWorld War II;optimists,who rejectdecline,claim that manufacturing'stotal GNP output share has remainedconstant during the same period.  \nBoth views are correct.A debate,however,centered only on this sim-plistic view of manufacturing's role asa creator of jobs and supplier of fin-ished goods overlooks other impor-tant interactions with the economy.Inaddition to creating jobs and supply-ing consumer goods,for example,manufacturing also buys goods andservices from other sectors and pro-vides them with goods used forproduction.  \n# Has Manufacturing's Presencein the Economy Diminished?\n\nThrough these linkages,one sector'sperformance affects grcwth in othersectors and,relatively,affects theentire economy.  \nConsequently,the importance ofmanufacturing depends upon thedegree of its interaction,or linkages,with other economic sectors.  \n■ Linkages and Economic GrowthLinkages run in two directions,back-ward and forward.Backward linkagesare purchases by one sector of goodsand services from other sectors.For-ward linkages are the sales of goodsand services for use in producinganother sector's goods and services.An industry can stimulate nationaleconomic growth both by buying fromand selling to other sectors.In termsof backward linkages,the potential foran industry to stimulate economicgrowth is directly related to theamount of raw materials,intermediategoods,and labor services it purchasesfrom within the domestic economy inorder to manufacture its own products.  \nFor instance,if the steel industry purchases more intermediate goods andlabor services per dollar of outputthan the paperboard container indus-try,an increase in steel output willgenerate more activity throughout theeconomy than an equal increase inthe production of paper products  \nIn terms of forward linkages,how.ever,an industry stimulates the econ-  \nJanuary 1,1988  \nMuch has been written and saidabout the“decline”of manufactur-ing in America.The arguments proand con,however,have centered ona simplistic view of manufacturing'srole in the economy.Even though itsshare of employment has fallen,forexample,manufacturing still main-tains its strength through its linkageswith the rest of the economy.  \nomy by making and selling production materials more efficiently andthus at a lower price.Providing othersectors of the economy with relativelylow-cost production materials allowsthese sectors to expand because of acost advantage.In turn,these sectorscan pass on the benefits of lowerproduction costs to other sectors thatpurchase from them.The cumulativeffects eventually permeate through-out those economic sectors that arelinked directly and indirectly.  \nHowever,to improve production,products must be produced with lessmaterial and effort.It is especiallyimportant to reduce labor costs because they are a large part of the cost  \nof production.This is where manufac-turing faces an internal conflict.Toeffectively stimulate the nation's eco-nomic growth through backward linkages,manufacturing should spend alarge percentage of its sales incomeon goods and services from other sec-tors,including hiring workers.Toffect growth through forward link·ages,however,the cost of thesegoods and services should claim verylittle of manufacturing's income.  \n## ■Forward Linkages\n\nTraditionally,manufacturing has beenthe primary supplier of prod","cbCaiuzPwKMbctai","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuzPwKMbctai","pdf",1128970,"English","# Has Manufacturing's Presence in the Economy Diminished?\n## ■ Linkages and Economic Growth\n## ■ Forward Linkages\n## ■ Backward Linkages","[{\"question\":\"What question does the document focus on regarding manufacturing?\",\"answer\":\"It asks whether manufacturing’s presence in the economy has diminished.\"},{\"question\":\"How do backward linkages affect economic growth?\",\"answer\":\"Backward linkages increase activity when an industry purchases raw materials, intermediate goods, and labor services from within the domestic economy.\"},{\"question\":\"How do forward linkages support other sectors?\",\"answer\":\"Forward linkages enhance growth when manufacturing sells production materials more efficiently at lower prices, enabling other sectors to expand and pass on lower costs.\"}]","Has Manufacturing's Presence in the Economy Diminished? | PDF",1789969074,13]