[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-576518-105":59,"doc-detail-576518-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","handheld-technology-in-kenyan-university-classrooms-stem-education-officer-survey-study","Handheld Technology in Kenyan University Classrooms - STEM Education Officer Survey Study","","Handheld devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops are increasingly used in Kenyan higher education, while primary and secondary schools face barriers like limited funding and electricity access. A survey of professors from five Kenyan universities examined perceptions and reported that professors are proficient with technology and hold positive views toward handheld device use in classrooms. The study highlights themes including educational tech training, growth mindset, and classroom modernization, and recommends policies and government investment in educator training.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/handheld-technology-in-kenyan-university-classrooms-stem-education-officer-survey-study/576518/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/handheld-technology-in-kenyan-university-classrooms-stem-education-officer-survey-study/576518.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Logic","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"Which handheld devices are considered in this study?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The study focuses on smartphones, tablets, and laptops for academic use in classrooms.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How was the research conducted?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Researchers emailed a questionnaire to professors teaching at university level across five Kenyan universities and used descriptive statistics to analyze responses.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What key themes and recommendations emerged from the findings?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Findings emphasized educational tech training, growth mindset, and modernization of classrooms. Policies are recommended to address challenges, along with government investment in training educators for eventual replacement of pencil-and-paper use.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},576518,1792029910,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},1099513958762,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1000023916a998db790?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1784791008015729253","Handheld Technology in Kenyan University Classrooms  \nBill Jewell  \nPeace Corps Response  \nMogaka Stanley  \nSaint Peter’s Boys Secondary School  \nDr. William Jewell finished his doctorate degree in Educational Leadership at the University of Mary-Hardin Baylor in Belton, Texas, USA in 2019. Atthe time of authoring, he was a STEM Education Officer for Peace Corps Response, stationed at Saint Peter’s Boys Secondary School of Mumias, Kakamega, Kenya. His research interests are the Use of Physical Manipulatives in Classrooms, Constructive Pedagogy, Mathematics Education, Special Education, Teacher Retention and Mental Health, and the laws about corporal punishment and the enforcement of said laws.  \nDr. Mogaka Stanley recently finished his doctorate degree in Information Technology at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology in Kakamega, Kenya and is a computer teacher at Saint Peter’s Boys Secondary School of Mumias, Kakamega, Kenya. His research interests are teaching learners using handheld devices such as smartphones and tablet computers, sustainability of e-learning and m-learning technologies in learning institutions.  \nAdoption of mobile technologies to facilitate teaching and learning is gaining acceptance in Kenyan institutions of higher learning. This study sought to determine the perceptions of Kenyan University professors regarding the use of handheld devices such as smartphones, tablets and laptops for academic reasons in classrooms. The researchers employed a survey of five Kenyan Universities. A questionnaire was emailed to participants who were Professors teaching at the University level. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data collected. The findings of the study showed that Kenyan university professors were proficient with technology and had positive opinions about the use of handheld devices in classrooms. The key themes derived from the data analysis is educational tech training, growth mindset, and modernization of the classroom. Policies should be formulated to address the challenges associated with the said technologies, their acceptance notwithstanding in the classrooms. Thereis also a needfor the Kenyan government to invest in training of educators on use of technology in the classrooms to prepare for the eventual replacement of pencil and paper with handheld devices.  \nKeywords: Smartphones, Tablets, Handheld Devices, Personal Technology, University Classrooms, Training for Professors.  \nIntroduction  \nAs of 2023, Kenya is a country that is modernizing its infrastructure and access to technology at a rapid pace (Gutola 2022) . The consumption and use of handheld devices in Kenya is growing exponentially (Kharono 2022) . Handheld devices consist of smartphones, tablets, and laptops. Phones that are not smartphones are not going to be considered as handheld devices in this research paper because they do not have web browsers and utilize apps.  \nThe schools of Kenya generally have not integrated technology into the classrooms (Heinrich 2019, Ochieng 2022), like in the schools of the United States or Western Europe. Primary and secondary school classrooms, especially public schools, do not have sufficient technology for the teachers to teach with or for the students to use for learning (Murigu 2023, Watson 2023) . Kenyan primary and secondary schools have limited access to technology because of a lack of funding, inaccessibility of electricity, and inaccessibility to quality technological products (Murigu 2023, Tshukudu 2023) .  \nThe universities and colleges of Kenya have greater access to technology than the primary and secondary schools (Bariu 2022) . It is a common trend in world educational history for the newest educational technology to be used in the Universities before the primary and secondary schools. In the United States, as the consumption of smartphones grew, universities used handheld devices for educational reasons before primary and secondary schools did. What happened","cbCaid3me4LVjsPh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaid3me4LVjsPh","pdf",237247,14,"English","# Introduction\n## Background on technology access in Kenya\n## Research focus and questions\n## Literature review overview","[{\"question\":\"Which handheld devices are considered in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The study focuses on smartphones, tablets, and laptops for academic use in classrooms.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the research conducted?\",\"answer\":\"Researchers emailed a questionnaire to professors teaching at university level across five Kenyan universities and used descriptive statistics to analyze responses.\"},{\"question\":\"What key themes and recommendations emerged from the findings?\",\"answer\":\"Findings emphasized educational tech training, growth mindset, and modernization of classrooms. Policies are recommended to address challenges, along with government investment in training educators for eventual replacement of pencil-and-paper use.\"}]","Handheld Technology in Kenyan University Classrooms - STEM Education Officer Survey Study | PDF",35]