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It explains the rationale for a soldier-focused, command-level approach developed from the San Remo course model, and clarifies how treaty provisions and customary international humanitarian law principles translate into operational planning. 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The law is largely derived from over thirty international treaties and from customary international humanitarian law. One method of training might be to conduct academic courses in military establishments consisting of numerous lectures outlining the content of the treaties and the meaning of the customary law principles.  \nIn 1974 Colonel Frédéric de Mulinen of the Swiss Army, tasked to run LOAC (or law of war, the term used atthe time) courses atthe International Institute of Humanitarian Law in San Remo, Italy, realized that this was not the way to teach and train the armed forces. As a military man he had insight into the armed forces’practical way of operating in order to achieve their mission, and was determined that the proposed courses in San Remo would follow a practical military line.  \nHaving devised the San Remo course as a module extending over two weeks and consisting of a number of introductory days followed by military exercisesin which LOAC was applied at all command levels, he concluded that a handbook was required to help the participants identify the various rules that should be applied in all operational situations. Some of these provisions came directly from the law and some could be derived from treaty provisions or from the customary principles. On this premise, the first Handbook on the Law of War for Armed Forces was conceived.  \nThe Handbook on International Rules governing Military Operations follows the same practical military line of its predecessor, while incorporating modern computerized methods in a digital format available on CD-ROM and online.  \nIt retains the de Mulinen method of applying strategic guidelines compatible with the international law governing military operations. All concerned with the application of LOAC and relevant human rights law rules can use this Handbook, but the emphasis is laid on providing guidance for military commanders and staffs engaged in combat, law enforcement, and peace support operations.  \nThe Handbook will not replace national military manuals, which are required to comprehensively cover the international rules governing military operations and applicable to a State. However, it will supplement such manuals by putting the law into a practical and workable framework for  \nmilitary operations. Many of the provisions it contains set guidelines for compliance with the law, which can be refined by national policy as outlined in the national manual and in accordance with more specifictreaty provisions. An example of this is the requirement for a commander to plan an attack with reference to rules on targeting incorporated in such manuals, taking the principles of proportionality and precaution into account in his planning, distinguishing between opposing armed forces and civilians, and ensuring that incidental loss to the civilian population or objects is not excessive in relation to the military advantage anticipated.  \nArmed conflict in the 21st century is more diverse than conflicts ofthe 19thor 20th centuries when most of the treaty law was being developed. Military strategy and tactics have evolved in such a way that the entire population of a country or region is directly affected by a conflict to a greater or lesser degree. While the 1868 St Petersburg Declaration that the only legitimate objective w","cbCaioB1GAvJOhzr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioB1GAvJOhzr","pdf",1446390,464,"English","# Introduction\n## Abbreviations and acronyms\n# PART I\n## 1 INTEGRATING THE LAW\n### 1.1 National implementation of applicable law\n### 1.2 Integration\n### 1.3 ICRC support\n## 2 BASIC INTERNATIONAL RULES ON MILITARY OPERATIONS\n### 2.1 Introduction to international law\n### 2.2 The law of armed conflict: definition, sources, and fundamental principles","[{\"question\":\"What purpose does the handbook serve for military forces?\",\"answer\":\"It helps participants identify rules to apply in operational situations and guides commanders and staff in integrating LOAC and relevant human rights law into planning for combat, law enforcement, and peace support operations.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the handbook designed to support training and teaching?\",\"answer\":\"It follows a practical military line using a module model that applies LOAC at all command levels through introductory days and military exercises.\"},{\"question\":\"Does the handbook replace national military manuals?\",\"answer\":\"No. It supplements national manuals by providing a practical and workable framework, while national policy and more specific treaty provisions can refine the guidance.\"}]","HANDBOOK ON INTERNATIONAL RULES GOVERNING MILITARY OPERATIONS - Foreword - June 2012 | PDF",1792706496,1169]