[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-542088-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":80,"doc-detail-542088-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","guillain-barre-syndrome-review-article","Guillain-Barré Syndrome - Review Article","","This review article examines Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and related variants by covering epidemiology, clinical manifestations, examination findings, underlying pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and evidence-based recent guidelines. It highlights the role of CSF studies and electrodiagnostic testing, the limited value of antibodies in typical sensorimotor GBS, and better utility when variants or nodopathies are considered. It summarizes recommended treatment options (IVIg or plasma exchange), guidance against certain sequencing, pain management options, outcome scores, and ongoing research.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/guillain-barre-syndrome-review-article/542088/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/guillain-barre-syndrome-review-article/542088.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Putri","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-10",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":30},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What is the key diagnostic approach for Guillain-Barré syndrome?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"Diagnosis relies on symptom progression for less than 4 weeks plus sensorimotor deficits and areflexia. CSF examination and electrodiagnostic testing can support diagnosis, especially when GBS variants are suspected.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"Which treatments are recommended for Guillain-Barré syndrome?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Evidence-based guidelines recommend IV immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasma exchange. The guidelines advise against a second IVIg course and against corticosteroids or plasma exchange followed immediately by IVIg.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What outcome measures and research directions are discussed?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"The article recommends the Modified Erasmus GBS outcome score and the Modified Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Score. 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Antibody testing is of limited value in typical sensorimotor GBS, but useful when GBS variants and nodopathies are considered. According to evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of GBS developed by the European Academy of Neurology and Peripheral Nerve Society, IV immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasma exchange are the recommended treatment options. The guidelines recommend against using a second IVIg course, or corticosteroids or plasma exchange followed immediately by IVIg. For treatment of pain, gabapentinoids, tricyclic antidepressants, or carbamazepine have been recommended. The Modified Erasmus GBS outcome score and Modified Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Score have been recommended. Research is ongoing to find new treatment options.  \nESSENTIAL POINTS: GBS is a life-threatening neuromuscular emergency seen frequently worldwide. Symptom progression for less than 4 weeks and findings of sensorimotor deficits and areflexia are required to make the diagnosis. Some patients may present with pain, cranial nerve involvement, autonomic dysfunction, or respiratory insufficiency. If progression continues after 8 weeks from onset, consider the diagnosis of acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), which is seen in 5% of patients initially diagnosed with GBS. Approximately 20% of patients have significant residual deficits and poor prognosis despite receiving available treatments.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nG  \nuillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune neurologic disorder and one of the most common neuromuscular emergencies. It is a heterogeneous condition that presents with several different phenotypes, electrophysiologic features, and treatment outcomes. This article discusses the clinical  \n1392 OCTOBER 2026  \nCopyright © 2026 American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.  \npresentation, pathogenesis, recent assessment guidelines, outcomes, and management of GBS.  \nEPIDEMIOLOGY  \nGBS is rare, with most studies showing an estimated incidence of 0.8 to 1.9 (median 1.1) cases per 100,000 people per year.1 These estimates are predominantly based on European and North American studies. There is an increase in annual incidence with increasing age. After age 50 years, the incidence increases from 1.7/100,000/year to 3.3/100,000/year.2 Annual incidence in children is 0.6/100,000/year. One study from Iran reported the annual incidence of GBS in children under age 15 years as 1.51/100,000/year.3 Unlike other autoimmune conditions, GBS is","cbCaikRSCGO7JwgZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikRSCGO7JwgZ","pdf",1191261,24,"English","# Abstract\n## Objective\n## Latest developments\n## Essential points\n# Introduction\n# Epidemiology","[{\"question\":\"What is the key diagnostic approach for Guillain-Barré syndrome?\",\"answer\":\"Diagnosis relies on symptom progression for less than 4 weeks plus sensorimotor deficits and areflexia. CSF examination and electrodiagnostic testing can support diagnosis, especially when GBS variants are suspected.\"},{\"question\":\"Which treatments are recommended for Guillain-Barré syndrome?\",\"answer\":\"Evidence-based guidelines recommend IV immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasma exchange. The guidelines advise against a second IVIg course and against corticosteroids or plasma exchange followed immediately by IVIg.\"},{\"question\":\"What outcome measures and research directions are discussed?\",\"answer\":\"The article recommends the Modified Erasmus GBS outcome score and the Modified Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Score. It also notes ongoing research aimed at finding new treatment options.\"}]","Guillain-Barré Syndrome - Review Article | PDF",1791670208]