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Guidance covers equipment validation and daily calibration, quality control, standard operating procedures, acceptable and repeatable manoeuvres, documented indications, appropriate patient preparation, and proper grading of test results with reference values.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/guideline-for-office-spirometry-in-adults-2012/399578/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/guideline-for-office-spirometry-in-adults-2012/399578.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Valentina","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-27",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is office spirometry used for in respiratory care?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Office spirometry is used to categorise the nature, severity and progression of respiratory diseases, measure response to treatment, support diagnosis (e.g., asthma and COPD), and screen for occupational lung disease.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What equipment and quality requirements do the guidelines emphasize?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Equipment should be validated for resolution and system linearity, calibrated daily, and quality controlled. Standard operating procedures should include documentation of ambient conditions and infection control measures.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How should spirometry manoeuvres and results quality be ensured?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Forced vital capacity (FVC) manoeuvres must be performed strictly according to guidelines, with acceptability and repeatability criteria applied. Testing should continue until at least three acceptable curves are produced, with two meeting repeatability criteria, and results should be categorised and graded using current guidelines and appropriate reference values.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},399578,1791026299,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":125},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":55,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},13056703020460,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253dac470eee5d?_k=1778207105932848923","Guideline  \nGuideline for office spirometry in adults, 2012  \nC F N Koegelenberg, F Swart, E M Irusen  \nDivision of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town C F N Koegelenberg, MB ChB, MMed (Int), FCP (SA), MRCP (UK), Cert Pulm (SA), PhD  \nF Swart, NDClinTech (SA)  \nE M Irusen, MB ChB, FCP (SA), PhD  \nCorresponding author: C F NKoegelenberg ([coeniefn@sun.ac.za](coeniefn@sun.ac.za))  \nBackground. Office spirometry remains an integral part of a comprehensive respiratory evaluation and is used to categorise the nature, severity and progression of respiratory diseases and to measure response to treatment. These updated guidelines are aimed at improving the quality, standardisation and usefulness of office spirometry in South Africa.  \nRecommendations. All equipment should have proof of validation regarding resolution and the system’s linearity (consistency) . Moreover, equipment must be calibrated daily and quality controlled. It is also important to have standard operating procedures in place, includingthe documentation of ambient conditions and infection control measures.  \nAdequate spirometry relies on a competent operator, accurate equipment, standardised operating procedures, quality control and patient co-operation. The indication for spirometry in a particular patient should be unambiguous and should be documented. Subjects should be appropriately prepared for testing, and patient details must be documented. Forced vital capacity (FVC) manoeuvres (either closed or open circuit) must be performed strictly according to guidelines, and strict quality assurance methods should be in place, including acceptability criteria (for any given effort) and repeatability (between efforts) . Testing should continue until at least 3 acceptable curves are produced (with 2 fulfilling repeatability criteria) . Other indices are derived from these efforts.  \nConclusion. Test results must be categorised and graded according to current guidelines, taking into account the indication for the test and the appropriateness of reference values.  \nS Afr MedJ 2013;103(1):52-61 . DOI:10.7196/SAMJ.6197  \n1. Introduction  \nPulmonary function testing is used to categorise the nature, severity and progression of respiratory disorders and to measure the patient’s response to therapy. Office spirometry remains an integral part of a comprehensive respiratory evaluation and is often used as an adjunct to the diagnosis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to screen for occupational lung diseases. 1,2 However, improper standards and operating procedures significantly reduce its value in the diagnosis of and screening for these conditions. 1,2  \nAdequate spirometry relies on a competent operator, accurate equipment, standardised operating procedures (SOPs), quality control and patient co-operation.2,3 Moreover, appropriate and validated reference standards must be used.2,3 Spirometry should always be viewed within the clinical context, and not as a stand-alone investigation.3  \nThe most recent South African guideline for office spirometry in 20042 has been superseded by comprehensive international guidelines.3-6 Furthermore, there is a growing body of evidence regarding local reference standards.7-11 This article aims to provide an updated and simplified guideline for the use of office spirometry atthe primary healthcare level.  \n2. Basic equipment and definitions  \n2.1 Spirometry  \nSpirometry involves the measurement of the air volumes and airflow rates of the lung. These are dependent on the physical properties of the airways, lung parenchyma, pleura and chest wall and the strength of respiratory muscles. 1,2 Practically all modern commercially available computerised spirometers are flow-type spirometers that  \nuse a flow-sensor (pneumotach) to derive volumes.2 They can display expiratory and inspiratory manoeuvres in real time as flow-volume loops, allowing instant patte","cbCaie9RG4zz4Atl","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaie9RG4zz4Atl","pdf",1266666,"English","# 1. Introduction\n# 2. Basic equipment and definitions\n## 2.1 Spirometry\n## 2.2 Measurements\n# Recommendations\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What is office spirometry used for in respiratory care?\",\"answer\":\"Office spirometry is used to categorise the nature, severity and progression of respiratory diseases, measure response to treatment, support diagnosis (e.g., asthma and COPD), and screen for occupational lung disease.\"},{\"question\":\"What equipment and quality requirements do the guidelines emphasize?\",\"answer\":\"Equipment should be validated for resolution and system linearity, calibrated daily, and quality controlled. Standard operating procedures should include documentation of ambient conditions and infection control measures.\"},{\"question\":\"How should spirometry manoeuvres and results quality be ensured?\",\"answer\":\"Forced vital capacity (FVC) manoeuvres must be performed strictly according to guidelines, with acceptability and repeatability criteria applied. Testing should continue until at least three acceptable curves are produced, with two meeting repeatability criteria, and results should be categorised and graded using current guidelines and appropriate reference values.\"}]","Guideline for Office Spirometry in Adults - 2012 | PDF",1790498247,25]