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The paper first analyzes the characteristics and limits of GMI schemes, then examines Universal Basic Income (UBI) as an alternative income-support model aimed at a fairer, more cohesive society. It concludes by discussing how UBI-related reforms could reshape education, especially adult education, while noting UBI’s constraints in countering neoliberal dominance.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/guaranteed-minimum-income-and-universal-basic-income-programs-implications-for-adult-education/592952/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/guaranteed-minimum-income-and-universal-basic-income-programs-implications-for-adult-education/592952.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Marglet","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What role does Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI) play in the EU’s poverty and inclusion agenda?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"GMI is described as the principal mechanism for fighting poverty and achieving social inclusion through a range of social policies in the European Union.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does education and vocational training relate to GMI and social cohesion?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Education and vocational training are said to play a major role in fighting social exclusion and promoting social cohesion by linking income support to integration activities.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the paper propose about Universal Basic Income (UBI) and adult education?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The paper discusses UBI as an alternative model that could help reconfigure UBI-related arrangements with education, emphasizing adult education and critical, participatory citizenship.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592952,1793105859,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336477982702,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Australian Journal of Adult Learning Volume 61, Number 1, April 2021  \nGuaranteed Minimum Income and Universal Basic Income programs: Implications for adult education  \nJuan Ramón Rodríguez-Fernández University of León, Spain  \nSpyros Themelis University of East Anglia, UK  \nGuaranteed Minimum Income (GMI) is currently the principal mechanism for fighting poverty and achieving social inclusion among a plethora of social policies in the European Union (EU). In GMI, education and vocational training hold a major role infighting social exclusion and promoting social cohesion. The first part of the paper discusses the characteristics and limitations of the GMI scheme.  \nThe second part of the paper discusses an alternative model for income support, intended to achieve afairer and more cohesive society, the Universal Basic Income (UBI). We close by highlighting the potential of UBIschemes on reconfiguring that UBI schemes have on reconfiguring education, with an emphasis on adult education. On its own, UBI cannot challenge the neoliberal hegemony. However, UBI can become a means for shifting attention to alternative conceptualisations of social inclusion based on the creation of adult education for critical and participatory citizenship.  \nKeywords: guaranteed minimum income, social policy, adult education, vocational training, social inclusion, poverty, universal basic income  \n64 Juan Ramón Rodríguez-Fernández and Spyros Themelis  \n1. Social policies combating social exclusion: minimum incomes for social inclusion  \nIncome support policies deal with a fundamental social justice issue, which is enshrined in the Maastricht Treaty of the European Union (EU)(European Union, 1992) . However, one of the major shortcomings of this Treaty and the EU’s role in relation to fighting poverty and social exclusion in general, is that the EU has been designed around the prioritisation of economic competitiveness rather citizen rights, such as employment and a decent living.  \nIn order to address this shortcoming the EU developed, though belatedly, some policy tools and designed specific policy interventions. One of them, is the Active Inclusion Program (AIP) . Its aim was to support the inclusion and labour market participation of those of working age as well as those who cannot work (European Commission, 2010). The AIP rested on three pillars: (i) adequate income support,(ii) inclusive labour markets and (iii) access to quality services.  \nPerhaps the most important of the three pillars was the one that related to income support. The EU member states started seeking ways to link income and access to services, mainly through minimum income schemes, also known as GMIs. GMIs emerged at the beginning of the 1990s thanks to the European Council Recommendation (1992), which encouraged EU member states to develop programs guaranteeing their citizens a minimum income. As we discuss below, the role of education in combating poverty and social exclusion was important and it is reflected on another important EU communication, Europe 2020 (European Commission, 2010), which set up concrete targets to be met by 2020. Among them, three are of particular interest:  \n• 75 percent of the population aged 20-64 should be employed  \n• the share of early school leavers should be under 10 percent and at least 40 percent of the younger generation should have a tertiary degree  \n• 20 million less people should be at risk of poverty.  \nThroughout the 1990s and well into the early 2000s, various EU countries rolled out GMIs with considerable heterogeneity in terms of amounts of money available, requirements, duration, and recipient requirements.  \nGuaranteed Minimum Income and Universal Basic Income programs 65  \nThese policies were directed, at least formally, at those having an income below the poverty threshold, that is to say below 60 percent of the median income in a given member state (Malgesini, 2017).  \nIn 2018, the risk of poverty or social exclusion affected 1","cbCaipny5JNl0ZTC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipny5JNl0ZTC","pdf",218755,23,"English","# Guaranteed Minimum Income and Universal Basic Income programs: Implications for adult education\n## Social policies combating social exclusion: minimum incomes for social inclusion\n## Income support policies and the Active Inclusion Program (AIP)\n## Education, targets, and poverty risk in the EU\n## Common characteristics of GMI schemes and integration routes\n## Social-democratic framing and minimum income rights","[{\"question\":\"What role does Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI) play in the EU’s poverty and inclusion agenda?\",\"answer\":\"GMI is described as the principal mechanism for fighting poverty and achieving social inclusion through a range of social policies in the European Union.\"},{\"question\":\"How does education and vocational training relate to GMI and social cohesion?\",\"answer\":\"Education and vocational training are said to play a major role in fighting social exclusion and promoting social cohesion by linking income support to integration activities.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the paper propose about Universal Basic Income (UBI) and adult education?\",\"answer\":\"The paper discusses UBI as an alternative model that could help reconfigure UBI-related arrangements with education, emphasizing adult education and critical, participatory citizenship.\"}]","Guaranteed Minimum Income and Universal Basic Income programs - Implications for adult education | PDF",1792076244,58]