[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-594849-105":59,"doc-detail-594849-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","growth-mixture-models-of-adaptive-behavior-in-adolescents-with-autism-spectrum-disorder","Growth mixture models of adaptive behavior in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder","","This study examined growth trajectories of teacher-reported adaptive behavior in a diverse sample of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. The participants were 244 adolescents aged 14 to 21 years assessed at up to four time points over two and a half years of high school. Demographic, phenotypic, and school factors were collected. Growth mixture modeling identified distinct trajectory classes across communication, daily living skills, and socialization, with logistic regressions testing predictors of class membership.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/growth-mixture-models-of-adaptive-behavior-in-adolescents-with-autism-spectrum-disorder/594849/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/growth-mixture-models-of-adaptive-behavior-in-adolescents-with-autism-spectrum-disorder/594849.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Mary Man","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How was adaptive behavior measured in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Adaptive behavior was reported by teachers using measures across domains, including communication, daily living skills, and socialization.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What statistical method identified different patterns of development?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Growth mixture modeling was used to identify distinct classes of growth trajectories rather than relying on average change across the whole sample.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What factors predicted adolescents being in the moderately low adaptive behavior classes?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Logistic regressions showed that aspects of school quality predicted membership in moderately low classes beyond autism symptom severity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},594849,1792190988,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},7421720224475,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Original Article  \nGrowth mixture models of adaptive behavior in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder  \nBrianne Tomaszewski 1, Leann Smith DaWalt2 and Samuel L Odom 1  \nAutism  \n2019, Vol. 23(6) 1472–1484 © The Author(s) 2018  \nArticle reuse guidelines: [sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/1362361318815645](DOI: 10.1177/1362361318815645)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/1362361318815645)[journals.sagepub.com/home/aut](journals.sagepub.com/home/aut)  \nAbstract  \nThis study examined growth trajectories of teacher-reported adaptive behavior in a diverse sample of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. The participants were 244 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 21 years who were assessed at up to four time points across two and a half years of high school. Demographic variables (age, sex, race, maternal education), phenotypic characteristics (intelligence quotient, autism severity) and school factors (location of the school, school quality) were collected. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify distinct classes of growth trajectories in communication, daily living skills, and socialization domains of adaptive behavior. Two distinct classes were identified for each domain. The first class had moderately low adaptive behavior scores and demonstrated growth of adaptive behavior over time and the second class had low adaptive behavior scores and did not demonstrate changeover time. Adolescents within the moderately low adaptive behavior classes were younger at enrollment in the study, had higher IQs, and lower autism symptom severity. Logistic regressions were performed, and aspects of school quality predicted the likelihood of being in the moderately low classes above and beyond autism symptoms.  \nKeywords  \nadaptive behavior, adolescents, autism spectrum disorders, development  \nIntroduction  \nAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social communication skills and restrictive and repetitive behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) . The prevalence of ASD has increased from 1 in 150 children in 2000 to approximately 1 in 59 children with a diagnosis of ASD in 2014, now indicating that there is currently an increased population of adolescents with ASD (Baio et al., 2018; Christensen et al., 2016; Rice, 2007) . Despite the increasing prevalence and growing body of research for individuals with ASD, adults with ASD experience poor outcomes, such as unemployment and low participation in the community (Chan et al., 2017; Shattuck et al., 2012; Taylor et al., 2015; Taylor and Mailick, 2014; Woodman et al., 2015). Symptoms ofASD are typically lifelong, although there is heterogeneity across time among individuals with ASD (Billstedt et al., 2007; Georgiades et al., 2013; Munson et al., 2008; Szatzmari et al., 2015) . Despite heterogeneity in ASD symptoms and variability in intelligence quotient (IQ), parents and caregivers of individuals  \nwith ASD typically report difficulties in adaptive behavior (Kanne et al., 2011; McDonald et al., 2015) .  \nAdaptive behavior involves everyday skills such as communication (e.g. understanding, expressing, and writing language), daily living skills (e.g. hygiene, safety skills, cooking), and socialization (e.g. forming friendships, participating in leisure activities, coping strategies)(American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), 2013; Sparrow et al., 2005) . For individuals with developmental disabilities, including ASD, adaptive behavior is associated with employment, independent living, and quality of life during adulthood  \n1 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA  \n2University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA  \nCorresponding author:  \nBrianne Tomaszewski, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 517 South Greensboro Street, Carrboro, NC 27510, USA.  \nEmail: [briannet@unc.edu](briannet@unc.edu)","cbCaik3pWzyNaYyc","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaik3pWzyNaYyc","pdf",541285,13,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Autism spectrum disorder and prevalence\n## Adaptive behavior domains\n## Study rationale and approach\n# Adaptive behavior and ASD","[{\"question\":\"How was adaptive behavior measured in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Adaptive behavior was reported by teachers using measures across domains, including communication, daily living skills, and socialization.\"},{\"question\":\"What statistical method identified different patterns of development?\",\"answer\":\"Growth mixture modeling was used to identify distinct classes of growth trajectories rather than relying on average change across the whole sample.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors predicted adolescents being in the moderately low adaptive behavior classes?\",\"answer\":\"Logistic regressions showed that aspects of school quality predicted membership in moderately low classes beyond autism symptom severity.\"}]","Growth mixture models of adaptive behavior in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder | PDF",1792079957,33]