[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-336830-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-336830-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","green-tea-leaves-and-rosemary-extracts-selectively-induce-cell-death-in-triple-negative-breast-cancer-cells-and-cancer-stem-cells-and-enhance-the-efficacy-of-common-chemotherapeutics-research-article","Green Tea Leaves and Rosemary Extracts Selectively Induce Cell Death in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells and Enhance the Efficacy of Common Chemotherapeutics - Research Article","","Green tea leaves extract (Synthite tea extract, STE) and rosemary extract (RE) are evaluated for anticancer activity against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and cancer stem cells, using MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro. The study measures cell death, apoptotic morphology and biochemical features, and investigates mechanisms including mitochondrial depolarization and oxidative stress, alongside immunofluorescence assessment of cancer stem cell percentages. STE and RE show efficient anticancer effects alone and, combined with cisplatin or paclitaxel, sensitize cells to enhanced death, with CSCs demonstrating greater sensitivity to combination treatments than chemotherapy alone.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/green-tea-leaves-and-rosemary-extracts-selectively-induce-cell-death-in-triple-negative-breast-cancer-cells-and-cancer-stem-cells-and-enhance-the-efficacy-of-common-chemotherapeutics-research-article/336830/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/green-tea-leaves-and-rosemary-extracts-selectively-induce-cell-death-in-triple-negative-breast-cancer-cells-and-cancer-stem-cells-and-enhance-the-efficacy-of-common-chemotherapeutics-research-article/336830.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Rowan","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Which cancer models and treatments are used in the study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The experiments use MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro. Treatments include STE and RE alone, as well as STE/RE combined with cisplatin or paclitaxel.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What mechanisms are examined to explain cell death?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The study evaluates apoptotic cell death with morphological/biochemical characterization and investigates mitochondrial depolarization and oxidative stress as mechanisms of action.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How do STE and RE affect cancer stem cells (CSCs) and combination therapy response?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"CSCs are reported to be sensitive to STE alone and to treatments combining STE and RE. 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Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nWhile incredible medical advancements in chemotherapeutics development for cancer treatment have been made, the majority of these are not selective in their mechanism of action, leading to adverse efects. Given the systemic toxicity associated with these therapies, they are not well suited for long-term use. Natural health products, or NHPs, may provide away to selectively target the oxidative and metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer cells. White tea (Camelia sinensis) and rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) are two natural extracts that have been studied extensively for their medicinal properties. However, their anticancer activity and mechanism of action are yet tobe fully elucidated. We have examined the extracts’ cancer cell-killing ability as well as their interactions with common chemotherapeutics in MDA-MB- 231 cells, a triple-negative breast cancer cell line, in vitro. Cell death measurement, morphological and biochemical characterization of apoptotic cell death, mechanisms of action (mitochondrial depolarization and oxidative stress), and immunofuorescence assays to estimate the percentage of cancer stem cells (CSCs) were performed following treatment with Synthite tea extract (STE) and rosemary extract (RE), provided by Synthite Industries Limited alone and in combination with cisplatin and paclitaxel. Te key fndings in this study are that STE and RE alone demonstrated very efcient anticancer activity against TNBC, and more importantly, the administration of the extracts in conjunction with cisplatin and paclitaxel sensitizes cancer cells to achieve enhanced cell death. In addition, CSCs were found tobe sensitive to treatment with STE alone and in combination with RE and exhibited greater sensitivity to combination therapies compared to chemotherapeutic alone. Te signifcance of these observations is that STE and RE, well-tolerated NHPs, have the potential to enhance the efcacy of current chemotherapeutics when combined, as well as prevent relapse for TNBC.  \n1. Introduction  \nBreast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, making up a quarter of all cancer diagnoses [1] . Hormones play an important role in cancer’s progression and, as such, present important targets for combatting the disease [2] . Breast cancer can generally be split into three subtypes: (i) receptor-positive tumours (estrogen and progesterone receptors),(ii) tumours with high levels of HER2 protein, and (iii) receptor-negative tumours with low HER2 production [2] . Breast cancers characterized by the lack of hormone receptors have a much poorer prognosis [2] . Belonging to the third subgroup, triple-negative breast  \ncancer accounts for around one-tenth [3], or 10 to 15 percent, of all breast cancers [2] . It is named after its three defciencies such as low HER2 production and negative estrogen and progesterone receptors [2] . Te type of treatment administered is heavily infuenced by hormone and pro","cbCaieopLpQvvhgu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieopLpQvvhgu","pdf",2215234,21,"English","# Introduction\n## Breast cancer background and treatment challenges\n## Chemotherapeutics and lack of selectivity\n## Cancer stem cells and apoptosis mechanisms","[{\"question\":\"Which cancer models and treatments are used in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The experiments use MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro. Treatments include STE and RE alone, as well as STE/RE combined with cisplatin or paclitaxel.\"},{\"question\":\"What mechanisms are examined to explain cell death?\",\"answer\":\"The study evaluates apoptotic cell death with morphological/biochemical characterization and investigates mitochondrial depolarization and oxidative stress as mechanisms of action.\"},{\"question\":\"How do STE and RE affect cancer stem cells (CSCs) and combination therapy response?\",\"answer\":\"CSCs are reported to be sensitive to STE alone and to treatments combining STE and RE. CSCs show greater sensitivity to combination therapies compared with chemotherapy alone.\"}]","Green Tea Leaves and Rosemary Extracts Selectively Induce Cell Death in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells and Enhance the Efficacy of Common Chemotherapeutics - Research Article | PDF",1790016787,53]