[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-296201-105":59,"doc-detail-296201-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","graduated-driver-licensing-a-review-of-some-current-systems","Graduated driver licensing - a review of some current systems","","Graduated licensing addresses how novice drivers’ accident liability drops sharply only after the first years and especially the early months. The review explores how safety can improve through better learning, delaying unsupervised driving until safeguards take effect, and shaping early solo behaviour or reducing exposure to risk. It assesses whether modifying the driving test is sufficient and considers alternative training, testing, and licensing system changes. Examples from multiple countries and evaluation results guide recommendations for Britain.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/graduated-driver-licensing-a-review-of-some-current-systems/296201/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/graduated-driver-licensing-a-review-of-some-current-systems/296201.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"eBook King","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-18",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What problem does graduated licensing aim to address?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It targets the very high accident liability of novice drivers during the first years, particularly the first months of solo driving, by structuring progression and reducing early exposure to risk.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How is a graduated licensing system intended to work?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It provides staged progression from initial learning to unrestricted solo driving, using measures such as restricting exposure early, adding supervision, and improving training and experience before driving without restrictions.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What kinds of elements are used in other countries to support graduated licensing?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Common elements include restrictions on where and when learners may drive, supervision and passenger-related limits, conditions such as zero alcohol or seat-belt requirements, and incentives like additional training or periods without accidents and convictions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},296201,1789729695,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":31,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962088006270,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Graduated driver licensing – a review of some current systems  \nPrepared for Road Safety Division, Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions  \nC Baughan and H Simpson  \nTRL Report TRL529  \nFirst Published 2002  \nISSN 0968-4107  \nCopyright TRL Limited 2002.  \nThis report has been produced by TRL Limited, under/as part of a contract placed by the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions. Any views expressed in it are not necessarily those of the Department.  \nTRL is committed to optimising energy efficiency, reducing waste and promoting recycling and re-use. In support of these environmental goals, this report has been printed on recycled paper, comprising 100% post-consumer waste, manufactured using a TCF (totally chlorine free) process.  \nCONTENTS  \nPage  \nExecutive Summary 1  \n1 Introduction 3  \n2 Summary of some licensing systems and results  \nof evaluation studies 3  \n2.1 USA 3  \n2.1.1 California 4  \n2.1.2 Florida 5  \n2.1.3 Kentucky 5  \n2.1.4 Maryland 5  \n2.1.5 Michigan 6  \n2.1.6 North Carolina 7  \n2.1.7 Oregon 7  \n2.2 Canada 7  \n2.2.1 British Columbia 7  \n2.2.2 Nova Scotia 8  \n2.2.3 Ontario 9  \n2.3 Australia 10  \n2.3.1 New South Wales 11  \n2.3.2 Victoria 11  \n2.3.3 Western Australia 12  \n2.4 New Zealand 12  \n2.5 Sweden 14  \n2.6 Norway 14  \n2.7 Finland 16  \n2.8 France 16  \n2.9 Northern Ireland 17  \n3 Components of graduated licensing 17  \n3.1 Extending the pre-solo learning phase 17  \n3.2 Night driving restrictions 23  \n3.3 Supervision by parent/other adults 24  \n3.4 Passenger bans/restrictions 25  \n3.5 Reducing alcohol limits 26  \n3.6 Increased consequences of traffic violations 27  \n3.7 Increasing quality or quantity of education/training 27  \n3.8 Restrictions on speed or on using high speed roads 28  \nPage  \n4 Summary 28  \n5 Conclusions 30  \n6 Acknowledgements 31  \n7 References 31  \nAppendix A: Summary of some licensing systems  \n(Learner phase: pre-solo driving) 35  \nAppendix B: Summary of graduated licencing systems (Intermediate phase: solo driving with restrictions) 40  \nAbstract 45  \nRelated publications 45  \nExecutive Summary   \nThe accident liability of novice drivers decreases very sharply during the first few years of driving and especially in the first few months. This implies that safety could be improved by (a) enhancing the learning process,(b) preventing people from driving unsupervised until it has taken effect, and (c) influencing behaviour or reducing exposure to risk during the early months of solo driving to counter the effects of inexperience and immaturity. One approach here is to modify the driving test to improve the training and experience accumulated by learner drivers, and screen-out drivers who have not yet reached a standard acceptable for solo driving. However, the driving test is not necessarily a suitable tool for achieving all the desired improvements to driver training and experience. Also, it is difficult for a test to include in its pass/ fail criterion those variables that govern the discrepancy between supervised driving performance during the test and subsequent driving behaviour. It is therefore desirable to consider whether other changes to the training/testing/ licensing system would be beneficial.  \nTRL was asked by the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions to undertake a review of graduated licensing and related systems as part of a project to review the practical driving test. A graduated licensing system aims to provide a staged progression from initial learning to unrestricted solo driving by means of measures designed to restrict exposure during early driving, exert a supervisory influence over driver behaviour during the first part of a driver’s solo driving career or improve the level of training and experience accumulated before driving solo without restrictions.  \nExamples of elements used in other countries include restrictions on where drivers may drive (i.e. the types of road that may be used), when they may driv","cbCaiforN7OFzOQ3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiforN7OFzOQ3","pdf",172196,"English","# Executive Summary\n# Introduction\n# Summary of some licensing systems and results of evaluation studies\n## USA\n## Canada\n## Australia\n## New Zealand\n## Sweden\n## Norway\n## Finland\n## France\n## Northern Ireland\n# Components of graduated licensing\n## Extending the pre-solo learning phase\n## Night driving restrictions\n## Supervision by parent/other adults\n## Passenger bans/restrictions\n## Reducing alcohol limits\n## Increased consequences of traffic violations\n## Increasing quality or quantity of education/training\n## Restrictions on speed or on using high speed roads\n# Summary\n# Conclusions\n# Acknowledgements\n# References\n# Appendix A: Summary of some licensing systems\n# Appendix B: Summary of graduated licencing systems","[{\"question\":\"What problem does graduated licensing aim to address?\",\"answer\":\"It targets the very high accident liability of novice drivers during the first years, particularly the first months of solo driving, by structuring progression and reducing early exposure to risk.\"},{\"question\":\"How is a graduated licensing system intended to work?\",\"answer\":\"It provides staged progression from initial learning to unrestricted solo driving, using measures such as restricting exposure early, adding supervision, and improving training and experience before driving without restrictions.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of elements are used in other countries to support graduated licensing?\",\"answer\":\"Common elements include restrictions on where and when learners may drive, supervision and passenger-related limits, conditions such as zero alcohol or seat-belt requirements, and incentives like additional training or periods without accidents and convictions.\"}]","Graduated driver licensing - a review of some current systems | PDF",126]