[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-585704-105":59,"doc-detail-585704-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","grading-the-states-introduction","Grading the States - Introduction","","The text is the introduction section of a public education advocacy report assessing school “choice” programs such as vouchers and charter schools. It explains the report’s focus on whether publicly funded but privately governed options protect students’ well-being and civil rights. It describes the growth of voucher and charter policies, critiques right-wing influences and safeguards, and provides historical context comparing contemporary privatization aims with earlier systems of education.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/grading-the-states-introduction/585704/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/grading-the-states-introduction/585704.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Riley West","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What criteria does the report apply to vouchers and charter programs?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It evaluates the commitment to democracy by grading each state and the District of Columbia based on the number of publicly funded but privately governed “choice” programs and whether those programs include safeguards for students’ well-being and civil rights.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the introduction describe the recent acceleration of voucher and charter legislation?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It says that during the Covid-19 period, state legislatures pushed through charter expansion and voucher legislation with limited public input, often without necessary safeguards for taxpayers or families.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What historical comparison does the introduction make about privatization goals?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It argues that voucher and charter expansion reflects a radical right-wing effort to privatize public education, aiming to return schooling to an earlier model before Horace Mann, and contrasts that with claims about decentralized education.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},585704,1792062536,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},1099523885074,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \nSpecial thanks to the following:  \nNetwork for Public Education (NPE) Executive Director, Carol Burris who authored this report and Darcie Cimarusti who provided research support. Cimarusti is also responsible for the report’s layout and design.  \nWe would also like to thank:  \nLeigh Dingerson for her skilled and careful editing of the report, as well as her advice regarding structure and content.  \nPublic Funds Public Schools, a national campaign that strives to ensure that all public funds for education are used to maintain and support public schools. Their research base on traditional and non-traditional voucher programs helped to inform our ratings.  \nThis report would not have been possible without the effort and commitment of the NPE Board of Directors, with special thanks to Diane Ravitch, President of NPE. Diane generously gave her support, guidance, editing and advice throughout the writing of this report.  \nFinally, thank you to all of our generous donors who make our work in support of public education possible. No outside organization contributed to, reviewed or influenced the findings ofthis report.  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nINTRODUCTION.............................................................. 4  \nOUR STATE BY STATE RATINGS ..................................... 6  \nOVERVIEW: VOUCHERS AND CHARTER SCHOOLS ......... 8  \nSIGNIFICANT FINDINGS .............................................. 10  \nCATEGORICAL FINDINGS ..............................................13  \nCONCLUSION ...............................................................21  \nAPPENDIX A.................................................................. 23  \nAPPENDIX B ................................................................. 30  \nENDNOTES ....................................................................31  \nINTRODUCTION  \nIn 2018, the Network for Public Education and the Schott Foundation issued a report entitled Grading the States.1 That report examined America’s commitment to democracy by grading each state and the District of Columbia on the number of publicly-funded but privatelygoverned educational “choice” programs it had and whether those programs had sufficient safeguards to protect students’well-being and civil rights. Since then, the march to privatize one of our country’s most precious institutions—our public schools—has continued. Indeed, it has intensified.  \nDuring the dark days of the Covid-19 epidemic, state legislatures bowed to the pressure of rightwing think tanks and foundations, pushing through charter expansion and voucher legislation with little opportunity for public input. Couched in the language of school choice, new voucher programs were crammed into budget bills or resurrected and passed even after initial defeat. Few included necessary safeguards for taxpayers or families.  \nWhile using the rhetoric of parental freedom, the school choice movement has always been no more than a façade for a radical right-wing movement to privatize public education. The ultimate goal of Libertarians and the radical right is the “back to the future” dream of American schooling before Horace Mann.  \nThat dream is described in the Origins of Government Education in the United States.2 Its author, Matthew Brouillette, describes early American education as a successful“de-centralized network of schools.” That description, of course, is false. According to education historian Diane Ravitch, prior to the mid-1800s, there were elite private schools for the rich, church schools for congregants, and  \ncharity schools for the poor. Other children were either home-schooled or not schooled at all. This was not a network. It was an uncoordinated, freefor-all that left most children undereducated.3  \nAfter Brown v Board declared school segregation laws unconstitutional, Libertarians saw the opportunity to further their cause by taking advantage of racism to promote vouchers.  \nAccording to Duke University historian Nancy MacClea","cbCailo0npFiabog","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailo0npFiabog","pdf",3695047,32,"English","# INTRODUCTION\n## Our State by State Ratings\n## Overview: Vouchers and Charter Schools\n## Significant Findings\n## Categorical Findings\n## Conclusion\n## Appendix A\n## Appendix B\n## Endnotes","[{\"question\":\"What criteria does the report apply to vouchers and charter programs?\",\"answer\":\"It evaluates the commitment to democracy by grading each state and the District of Columbia based on the number of publicly funded but privately governed “choice” programs and whether those programs include safeguards for students’ well-being and civil rights.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the introduction describe the recent acceleration of voucher and charter legislation?\",\"answer\":\"It says that during the Covid-19 period, state legislatures pushed through charter expansion and voucher legislation with limited public input, often without necessary safeguards for taxpayers or families.\"},{\"question\":\"What historical comparison does the introduction make about privatization goals?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that voucher and charter expansion reflects a radical right-wing effort to privatize public education, aiming to return schooling to an earlier model before Horace Mann, and contrasts that with claims about decentralized education.\"}]","Grading the States - Introduction | PDF",1792055603,81]