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Drawing on political science and social psychology, the article analyzes domestic dynamics within conflict parties and explains how messages aimed at one audience can unintentionally shape another audience, reducing prospects for agreement. It uses the context of P5+1–Iran negotiations to illustrate how domestic opposition within both states can intensify barriers during sensitive bargaining moments.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/governments-publics-and-enemies-intragroup-dynamics-as-barriers-to-conflict-resolution/608301/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/governments-publics-and-enemies-intragroup-dynamics-as-barriers-to-conflict-resolution/608301.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jacob","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-17",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does intragroup dynamics affect conflict resolution?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The article argues that internal group features—such as disparate interests and leader–constituent dynamics—can impede prospects for resolving intergroup conflict.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why can statements aimed at one audience harm negotiation outcomes?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Statements directed toward a negotiating adversary or key outside actors can unintentionally affect the speaker’s domestic constituency, thereby diminishing the prospects for conflict resolution.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How is the P5+1 and Iran negotiation used in the article?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The article describes the Joint Plan of Action and shows how significant domestic political opposition in both the United States and Iran emerged almost immediately, escalating barriers as deadlines approached.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},608301,1792958046,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962084931830,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict  \nPathways toward terrorism and genocide  \nISSN: 1746-7586 (Print) 1746-7594 (Online) Journal homepage: [http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rdac20](http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rdac20)  \nGovernments, publics, and enemies: Intragroup dynamics as barriers to conflict resolution  \nGilat Bachar & Allen S. Weiner  \nTo cite this article: Gilat Bachar & Allen S. Weiner (2014) Governments, publics, and enemies: Intragroup dynamics as barriers to conflict resolution, Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict, 7:2-3, 198-225, DOI: 10. 1080/17467586 .2014.970564  \nTo link to this article: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17467586.2014.970564](http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17467586.2014.970564)  \n Published online: 17 Oct 2014.  \n\n|  Submit your article to this journal  |\n| --- |\n|  Article views: 143 |\n|  View related articles  |\n|  View Crossmark data |\n\nFull Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at [http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rdac20](http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rdac20)  \nDownload by: [Stanford University],[Annie Chen] Date: 05 January 2017, At: 10:19  \nDynamics of Asymmetric Conﬂict, 2014  \nVol. 7, Nos. 2–3, 198–225, [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17467586.2014.970564](http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17467586.2014.970564)  \nGovernments, publics, and enemies: Intragroup dynamics as barriers to conﬂict resolution  \nGilat Bachar and Allen S. Weiner*  \nStanford Law School, Stanford, CA, USA  \n(Received 1 August 2014; accepted 25 September 2014)  \nScholars and political commentators have long noted that domestic or internal politics can play a signiﬁcant role in the development of foreign (or other intergroup) relations.  \nIn the context of international (or other intergroup) conﬂicts, the literature notes that such features as disparate interests within a group or leader–constituent dynamics can impede the prospects for intergroup conﬂict resolution. Scholarly writing on the topic, however, tends to be cabined along disciplinary lines. This article is interdisciplinary and draws lessons from different ﬁelds, particularly from political science and social psychology, to describe various intragroup structures and dynamics that can constitute barriers to intergroup conﬂict resolution. Among other observations, the article notes the unintended effect that statements directed towards one audience in a conﬂict setting (i.e. the negotiating adversary or key outside actors in the international community) may have on the other audience (i.e. the speaker’s domestic constituency), and how these effects can serve to diminish the prospects for conﬂict resolution.  \nKeywords: conﬂict resolution; intractable conﬂict; intergroup conﬂict; social– psychological conﬂict dynamics  \nIn November 2013, the United States and the other members of the so-called “P5 þ 1”(the UK, France, Germany, Russia, and China) reached an agreement with Iran on a Joint Plan of Action (JPA), a preliminary arrangement aimed at resolving the long-standing dispute between Iran and leading members of the international community over Iran’s nuclear program, which Iran insists is intended for civilian nuclear energy purposes but which the US and others believe is a program meant to clandestinely develop nuclear weapons. The JPA involves a series of step-by-step undertakings by Iran to eliminate some of the more problematic aspects of its nuclear program and to accept greater monitoring of that program, in exchange for step-by-step reductions of US and European Union sanctions against Iran. Almost immediately, however, political leaders in both the United States and Iran were confronted with signiﬁcant domestic political opposition to the JPA. Iranian President Hassan Rouhani, according to one press account (Davari, 2014), warned “that he was facing domestic opposition to [the] landmark nuclear deal with major powers,”notwithstanding the potential sanctions relief offered to Iran under the arrangement:","cbCaide5OtZN168B","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaide5OtZN168B","pdf",404409,29,"English","# Governments, publics, and enemies\n## Intragroup dynamics as barriers to conflict resolution\n## Interdisciplinary approach: political science and social psychology\n## Domestic opposition during negotiations","[{\"question\":\"How does intragroup dynamics affect conflict resolution?\",\"answer\":\"The article argues that internal group features—such as disparate interests and leader–constituent dynamics—can impede prospects for resolving intergroup conflict.\"},{\"question\":\"Why can statements aimed at one audience harm negotiation outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"Statements directed toward a negotiating adversary or key outside actors can unintentionally affect the speaker’s domestic constituency, thereby diminishing the prospects for conflict resolution.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the P5+1 and Iran negotiation used in the article?\",\"answer\":\"The article describes the Joint Plan of Action and shows how significant domestic political opposition in both the United States and Iran emerged almost immediately, escalating barriers as deadlines approached.\"}]","Governments, publics, and enemies: Intragroup dynamics as barriers to conflict resolution | PDF",1792229226,73]