[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-419346-105":59,"doc-detail-419346-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","god-or-self-a-criticism-of-the-secularist-theory-of-life","GOD OR SELF? - A Criticism of the Secularist Theory of Life","","“God or Self?” argues against Secularism by challenging its foundations in naturalism and denial of the supernatural. The text contends that modern criticism, when treated consistently, requires replacing the life-theory built on God with an alternative grounded only in observable facts. It further rejects simplistic historical claims that portray Christianity and science as adversaries, using examples to show Christianity’s role in the development of modern inquiry.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":45,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/religion-spirituality/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/god-or-self-a-criticism-of-the-secularist-theory-of-life/419346/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/god-or-self-a-criticism-of-the-secularist-theory-of-life/419346.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jacob","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-06","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What central claim does the text make against Secularism?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Secularism is criticized for resting on the denial of the supernatural, which the author argues cannot sustain a coherent “theory of life” once the supernatural is removed.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the author relate Christianity to science?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The author argues that Christianity has been a friend to knowledge and that modern science emerged alongside religious revival, not in opposition to it.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why does the author reject the common historical portrayal of two camps (infidel-scientific vs. Christian)?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The text argues that this framing is an inaccurate reading of history, and it uses Galileo as an example to show a more complex relationship between believers and scientific inquiry.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},419346,1791274398,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":44,"category_name":45,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31},962084931830,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","School of Theology at Claremont10011426323BL  \n2747.8G6  \n# The Library\n\nSCHOOL OF THEOLOGYAT CLAREMONT  \nWEST FOOTHILL AT COLLEGE AVENUECLAREMONT,CALIFORNIA  \n3L2147  \nG6  \n# GOD OR SELF?\n\nA Criticism of the Secularist Theory of Life.  \nITshythat hepesen ege sesenialyone P Gicsalenquiry.Traditional beliefs,we are told,are beingsilently subverted by new agencies.\"Science,instead of.critically attacking supernatural religion,has surely andirretrievably sapped its foundations.The educated in-telligence of to-day is not required to discuss minor pointsof doctrine and ritual,or the internal discrepancies ofrevelation,but finds itself confronted with the supremeall-subsuming questions of whether the very essentials offaith can be maintained in presence of the indubitabletruths of science,and of the rigorous habit of mind itengenders.\"  In other words,modern criticism hasdisproved the supernatural,has shown that ancientbeliefs can no longer be held,and must eventuallydisappear before the triumphant march of knowledge.But the scepticism which professes to look upon criticism asits peculiar ally,must,to be logical,go beyond the strictprovince of criticism.For if there be no supernatural,or to be more accurate,if there be no evidence of thesupernatural,if God be not real,but a reflection of man'sfears and hopes,a mere play of subjectivity,then thetheory of life based upon these must give place to anothermore consonant with facts.  This is the genesis ofSecularism.It is admittedly based on the denial of themiraculous.To quote the words of a professed advocate:“Secularism is naturalism in morals as distinguishedfrom supernaturalism.\"And again:\"Secularism rejectstheology (that is,the knowledge of (od)as a guide andauthority in the affairs of this life,···   as forrevealed religion,it is based upon miracles,and these to  \n2  \nthe scientific mind are altogether inadmissable,beingtrebly discredited.”The life that now is,is all that is.Let us heed the visible,the things of which we arecertain,and let us leave eternity,God,the soul and thethings pertaining to these,to such benighted persons astheologians and metaphysicians.The theory may seemto be simple,easily grasped by the popular mind,and itunquestionably appeals to the intense realism of our time.“See!\"the Secularist may well cry,“O sons of toil,what mighty things your hands have wrought.Bridgesand aqueducts,railways and telegraph,cathedrals andtheatres,and a thousand other things testify to your skilland strength—what do you lack yet?Have ye not alland abound?Keep to the things that ye can handle andsee,and let the unseeable and untouchable alone!”  \nI propose to examine the arguments by which thistheory seeks to commend itself,and to show that thetheory itself is inadequate to do that which it professesto do.  \nLet it be clearly understood at the outset that whatdistinguishes Christianity from Secularism is not that theformer antagonises science while the latter befriends it.No greater misrepresentation of facts could be possible.To say that there have been two camps,an infidel-scientific,and a Christian,opposed to each other,andnourishing a hatred which still makes its influence feltamong us,is to say what an impartial view of historyrefutes.Take Galileo,for example,the stock illustrationof infidel lecturers.We now know all that is likely to beknown about him.Who was he?A catholic believer,holding by the authority of Scripture just as firmly as themen that persecuted him.Nay,more,it is not correct tosay that the whole Christian world was against him,formany Churchmen warmly_espoused his cause in face ofdangerous opposition.So that the much trumpetedargument amounts to this:that in an unscientific age,aChristian,more intelligent than his fellows,makes adiscovery which involves a revolution in popular habits ofthought,and seems to involve the destruction of religiousbelief;that the said Christian was compelled to recant,overborne,as he was,by a bigoted and tyranical  \n5  \n3  \nmajority.*E","cbCaiu4pabNFrkZM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiu4pabNFrkZM","pdf",1858333,"English","# The Library\n# GOD OR SELF?\n## A Criticism of the Secularist Theory of Life\n## Christianity, Secularism, and Science\n## Arguments for and Against Secularism","[{\"question\":\"What central claim does the text make against Secularism?\",\"answer\":\"Secularism is criticized for resting on the denial of the supernatural, which the author argues cannot sustain a coherent “theory of life” once the supernatural is removed.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the author relate Christianity to science?\",\"answer\":\"The author argues that Christianity has been a friend to knowledge and that modern science emerged alongside religious revival, not in opposition to it.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the author reject the common historical portrayal of two camps (infidel-scientific vs. Christian)?\",\"answer\":\"The text argues that this framing is an inaccurate reading of history, and it uses Galileo as an example to show a more complex relationship between believers and scientific inquiry.\"}]","GOD OR SELF? - A Criticism of the Secularist Theory of Life | PDF",1790616662]