[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-349548-105":59,"doc-detail-349548-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","gng12-overexpression-inhibits-triple-negative-breast-cancer-cell-proliferation-migration-and-invasion","GNG12 overexpression inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion","","Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit gamma-12 (GNG12), a G protein γ-subunit, is proposed as a regulator of tumor biology, while its role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) was unclear. Pan-cancer transcriptomic analyses combined with TNBC experiments assessed expression patterns, clinicopathological relevance, and biological functions. GNG12 was broadly downregulated across cancers and low expression predicted worse survival. In TNBC models, GNG12 overexpression suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion, linked to altered PI3K/AKT activity and related epigenetic and RNA methylation markers, requiring further validation in larger cohorts.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/gng12-overexpression-inhibits-triple-negative-breast-cancer-cell-proliferation-migration-and-invasion/349548/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/gng12-overexpression-inhibits-triple-negative-breast-cancer-cell-proliferation-migration-and-invasion/349548.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"RuangKosong","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-23","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does GNG12 expression relate to cancer outcomes, especially in TNBC?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"GNG12 was broadly downregulated across diverse cancer types, and reduced expression was significantly associated with unfavorable patient survival outcomes, including poorer outcomes in TNBC cohorts.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is the functional impact of changing GNG12 levels in TNBC cells?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Functional assays showed that GNG12 overexpression inhibited TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while GNG12 knockdown produced opposite effects.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which signaling pathway is linked to GNG12 activity?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Pathway analysis and western blotting indicated that GNG12 expression was associated with altered PI3K/AKT pathway activity, suggesting a mechanistic relationship.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},349548,1790176833,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36},962090883219,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nGNG12 overexpression inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion  \nBiao-Feng Shan1,2,8, Le Zhao3,4,8, Tao Hu5,8, Jing-Hao Xu6, Tong-Xu Zeng2, Jian-Ming Tang1,7 & BoYu2,3  \nGuanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit gamma-12 (GNG12), a G protein γ-subunit, has been identified as a potential regulator of tumor biology. However, its functional relevance in triplenegative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. In this study, we integrated pan-cancer transcriptomic analyses with experimental validation inTNBC models to investigate the expression patterns, clinicopathological significance, and biological roles of GNG12. GNG12 was found to be broadly downregulated across diverse cancer types, and its reduced expression was significantly associated with unfavorable patient survival outcomes. Low GNG12 expression correlated with adverse clinicopathological features in breast cancer (BRCA) . Moreover, it was associated with poorer outcomesinTNBC patient cohorts. Functional assays demonstrated that GNG12 overexpression inhibited TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas GNG12 knockdown exerted the opposite effects. Pathway analysis and western blotting indicated that GNG12 expression was associated with altered PI3K/AKT pathway activity. Additionally, mutations at S2 and S33—both located within predicted phosphorylation sites—were identified as candidate regulatory alterations whose functional relevance requires further validation. Moreover, GNG12 expression was positively correlated with RNA methylation-related markers and inversely associated with promoter methylation. Taken together, GNG12 was downregulated inTNBC and associated with suppression of malignant cellular phenotypes; however, its clinical significance and mechanistic relationship with PI3K/AKT signaling require further validation in larger cohorts and additional experimental models.  \nKeywords GNG12, Pan-cancer, Prognosis, Triple-negative breast cancer  \nAbbreviations  \nACC  \nBLCABRCACESCCHOL COAD COADREAD DLBCESCA  \nGBMGBMLGGHNSCKICH  \nAdrenocortical cancer Bladder cancer Breast cancer Cervical cancer  \nBile duct cancer Colon cancer  \nColon and rectal cancer Large B-cell lymphoma Esophageal cancer Glioblastoma  \nLower grade glioma and glioblastoma Head and neck cancer  \nKidney chromophobe  \n1The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. 2General Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, China. 3The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China. 4The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi’an, China. 5Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital, Zigong, China. 6Breast Surgery, Zouping People’s Hospital, Binzhou, China. 7The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China. 8Biao-Feng Shan, Le Zhao and Tao Hu contributed  \nequally to this work. email: [ldyy_tangjm@lzu.edu.cn](ldyy_tangjm@lzu.edu.cn); [yubo6227@163.com](yubo6227@163.com)  \n[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nKIRC  \nKIRP  \nLAML  \nLGG  \nLIHC  \nLUAD  \nLUNG  \nLUSC  \nMESO  \nOV  \nPAAD PANCAN PCPG  \nPRAD  \nREAD  \nSARC  \nSKCM  \nSTAD  \nTGCT  \nTHCA  \nTHYM  \nUCEC  \nUCS  \nUVM  \nKidney clear cell carcinoma Kidney papillary cell carcinoma Acute myeloid leukemia Lower grade glioma  \nLiver cancer  \nLung adenocarcinoma  \nLung cancer  \nLung squamous cell carcinoma  \nMesothelioma Ovarian cancer Pancreatic cancer Pan-cancer  \nPheochromocytoma & paraganglioma  \nProstate cancer Rectal cancer Sarcoma Melanoma Stomach cancer Testicular cancer Thyroid cancer  \nThymoma (THYM) Endometrioid cancer Uterine carcinosarcoma Ocular melanomas  \nCancer remains the leading cause of global mortality and represents a major public health challenge1. Epidemiological projections estimate that the global cancer incidence will nearly double by 2070 c","cbCaiqy2CkMOhwWF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqy2CkMOhwWF","pdf",3352103,16,"English","# Background\n## Global cancer burden and TNBC characteristics\n## Rationale for studying GNG12\n# Study aims and approach\n## Pan-cancer transcriptomic analysis\n## Experimental validation in TNBC models\n# Key findings\n## Downregulation and prognostic value of GNG12\n## Functional effects on TNBC cells\n## Pathway association and biomarker links\n# Conclusion and future work","[{\"question\":\"How does GNG12 expression relate to cancer outcomes, especially in TNBC?\",\"answer\":\"GNG12 was broadly downregulated across diverse cancer types, and reduced expression was significantly associated with unfavorable patient survival outcomes, including poorer outcomes in TNBC cohorts.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the functional impact of changing GNG12 levels in TNBC cells?\",\"answer\":\"Functional assays showed that GNG12 overexpression inhibited TNBC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while GNG12 knockdown produced opposite effects.\"},{\"question\":\"Which signaling pathway is linked to GNG12 activity?\",\"answer\":\"Pathway analysis and western blotting indicated that GNG12 expression was associated with altered PI3K/AKT pathway activity, suggesting a mechanistic relationship.\"}]","GNG12 overexpression inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion | PDF",1790084287]