[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-152071-en":3,"doc-seo-152071-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},152071,1099523885336,"Taylor Morgan","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c",8,"Research & Report","Glycosaminoglycan concentration in cancer tissue - Review paper","Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are widely involved in tissue modeling and can influence multiple receptor pathways. The review aims to clarify differences in GAG concentration between healthy and cancer tissues and summarizes literature-based methods for detecting glycans. Magnetic Resonance Imaging is discussed as a non-surgical approach to study tumor tissue composition through quantified relaxation measurements. The use of T1 and T2 parameters is presented as a promising assay for assessing GAG concentration and related physiologic and pathologic changes.","© Wydawnictwo UR 2019  \nISSN 2544-1361 (online); ISSN 2544-2406 doi: 10.15584/ejcem.2019.2.12  \n[http://www.ejcem.ur.edu.pl/en/](http://www.ejcem.ur.edu.pl/en/)  \nEuropean Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Eur J Clin Exp Med 2019; 17 (2): 175–178  \nREVIEW PAPER  \nPiotr Bar 1(ABFG), Sabina Galiniak  2(ABFG), Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher  2(ABFG), Rafał Filip  3(ABFG), David Aebisher  4(ABFG)  \nGlycosaminoglycan concentration in cancer tissue  \n1 Clinical Department of Pathomorphology, Clinical Hospital No. 2, Rzeszów, Poland  \n2 Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów,  \nRzeszów, Poland  \n3 Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland  \n4 Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów,  \nRzeszów, Poland  \nABSTRACT  \nIntroduction. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play a widespread role in tissue modelling. GAG polymers may affect several receptor pathways in parallel.  \nAim. To present difference in concentration of GAG in healthy and cancer tissues.  \nMaterial and methods. The literature search was performed nd reviewed using selected keywords.  \nResults. We revieved the methods of detection various types of glycans measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Conclusion. MRI methodology provides an efficient tool forstudy of cellular composition. The use T1 aofT2 measurements to study cancer tissue is a promising assay.  \nKeywords. fixed charge density, glycosaminoglycan, magnetic resonance imaging  \nIntroduction  \nProteoglycans (PG) are one of the major components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) . ECM conteinat at least one glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain such as heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, and heparin. PGs are formed of GAGs covalently attached to the core proteins. PG are cellular, subcellular, intracellular, cell surface, pericellular, and extracellular.1-2 PG are major components of extracellular matrix playing key roles in its structural organization and cell sig-  \nnaling contributing to the control of numerous normal and pathological processes.3-9 GAG expression occurs in most hematological malignancies, notably acute myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and multiple myeloma. Here, we review recent research advances regarding cellular GAG and possible magnetic resonance applications to measure GAG concentrations.  \nCorresponding author: David Aebisher, [email: daebisher@ur.edu.pl](email: daebisher@ur.edu.pl)  \nParticipation of co-authors: A – Author of the concept and objectives of paper; B – collection of data; C – implementation of research; D – elaborate, analysis and interpretation of data; E – statistical analysis; F – preparation of a manuscript; G – working out the literature; H – obtaining funds  \nReceived: 29.10.2018 | Accepted: 29.11.2018  \nPublication date: June 2019  \nBar P, Galiniak S, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Filip R, Aebisher D. Glycosaminoglycan concentration in cancer tissue. Eur J Clin Exp Med. 2019;17(2):175–178 . doi: 10.15584/ejcem.2019.2.12  \nMagnetic Resonance Imaging and celluar GAG measurements  \nRelaxation times measuremens (T1 and T2) of cancer tissue protons can be determined by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) . Because of the development of MRI methods many cellular properties of tumor tissue is studied with MRI. MRI relaxation times have been shown to be various for many types of tumors compared to normal tissues. MRI is an important non-surgical tool in medical and biomedical analysis. While standard MRI can provide basic information regarding tumor location, its size and spread, the quantified MRI can evaluate the effectiveness of therapy. It was already shown that treatment of cells results in MR contrast changes due to changes in relaxivity caused by cell shrinkage and cellular membrane blabbing. We contribute changes in T1 and T2 during the cell growth observed for both cell lines to the changes in tissue hyd","cbCaii5eqE9YUDuG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaii5eqE9YUDuG","pdf",216979,1,4,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Glycosaminoglycans in extracellular matrix and malignancies\n# Magnetic Resonance Imaging and GAG measurements\n## Relaxation times and quantified MRI\n## Fixed Charge Density and conversion to GAG\n# Findings and conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of this review paper?\",\"answer\":\"To present differences in GAG concentration between healthy and cancer tissues and to review related detection approaches using the selected literature and keywords.\"},{\"question\":\"How does MRI relate to measuring GAG in cancer tissue?\",\"answer\":\"The paper describes how quantified MRI relaxation times (T1 and T2) vary for tumor versus normal tissues, and how these parameters reflect GAG concentration.\"},{\"question\":\"What method is used to calculate GAG concentration from measurements?\",\"answer\":\"GAG concentration is calculated from Fixed Charge Density (FCD) obtained after flushing with Gd(DTPA)2-, then converted to GAG concentration using a defined equation involving molecular weight.\"}]","Glycosaminoglycan concentration in cancer tissue - Review paper | PDF",1787854906,10,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"glycosaminoglycan-concentration-in-cancer-tissue-review-paper","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/glycosaminoglycan-concentration-in-cancer-tissue-review-paper/152071/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-04","2026-08-27",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What is the purpose of this review paper?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"To present differences in GAG concentration between healthy and cancer tissues and to review related detection approaches using the selected literature and keywords.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does MRI relate to measuring GAG in cancer tissue?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The paper describes how quantified MRI relaxation times (T1 and T2) vary for tumor versus normal tissues, and how these parameters reflect GAG concentration.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What method is used to calculate GAG concentration from measurements?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"GAG concentration is calculated from Fixed Charge Density (FCD) obtained after flushing with Gd(DTPA)2-, then converted to GAG concentration using a defined equation involving molecular weight.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":133},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]