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Competing risk Cox regression models estimated associations for the full cohort and within racial and ethnic strata. Overall, 763,424 veterans with type 2 diabetes were included. In fully adjusted models, moderate glycemic control (HbA1c 7%–8%) showed lower prostate cancer mortality risk, and poor control (HbA1c >8%) also showed lower risk versus good control (HbA1c \u003C7%), with subgroup-specific findings reported.",{"@graph":69,"@context":127},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/glycemic-control-and-prostate-cancer-mortality-risk-in-veterans-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus/373588/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/glycemic-control-and-prostate-cancer-mortality-risk-in-veterans-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus/373588.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119,123],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What relationship did the study examine between diabetes care and prostate cancer outcomes?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study assessed how time-varying glycemic control relates to time to prostate cancer–specific mortality in veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How many veterans were included in the retrospective cohort?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"A total of 763,424 veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What HbA1c ranges were compared for prostate cancer mortality risk?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Models compared moderate glycemic control (HbA1c 7%–8%) and poor glycemic control (HbA1c >8%) against good glycemic control (HbA1c \u003C7%).",{"name":124,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":125},"Were results consistent across racial and ethnic groups?",{"text":126,"@type":114},"Subgroup analyses stratified by race and ethnicity found that moderate glycemic control was associated with lower prostate cancer mortality risk in non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black veterans.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":129,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":131,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":133,"site_id":62},373588,1790378853,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":136},{"doc_id":133,"user_id":137,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":138,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":139,"file_id":140,"file_url":141,"file_type":142,"file_size":143,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","RESEARCH ARTICLE  [https://doi.org/10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-25-0037](https://doi.org/10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-25-0037)  OPEN ACCESS  \nGlycemic Control and Prostate Cancer Mortality Risk in Veterans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus  \nKinfe G. Bishu1,2, Andrew D. Schreiner1,2, Nicholas Shungu3, Vanessa A. Diaz3, Macelyn Batten1, and Mulugeta Gebregziabher1,4  \n􀀶  \nABSTRACT  \nThis retrospective cohort study of veterans diagnosed with diabetes mellitus evaluated the association between time-varying measures of glycemic control and the time to prostate cancer–specific mortality. Competing risk Cox regression models were developed to estimate the association of glycemic control and prostate cancer mortality for the entire sample and stratified by racial and ethnic groups. A total of 763,424 veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included. In the fully adjusted models, moderate glycemic control [hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 7%–8%] was associated with a 23%(HR, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.68–0.85) lower risk and poor glycemic control (HbA1c >8%) was associated with a 15%(HR, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–0.99) lower risk of prostate cancer mortality  \ncompared with good glycemic control (HbA1c \u003C7%), respectively. In the analyses stratified by race and ethnicity, moderate glycemic control was associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer mortality in non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black veterans.  \nSignificance: Unlike many other cancers, there is an inverse association between prostate cancer risk and T2DM diagnosis. In this large, retrospective study of male veterans with T2DM, we observed an inverse association between glycemic control and prostate cancer mortality. Further research is required to verify this relationship in prospective studies and identify the potential mechanisms contributing to these findings.  \nIntroduction  \nThe prevalence of diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the United States has increased over the last two decades and now affects an estimated 14.7% of all adults and 22% of all veterans (1, 2). In addition to its well-known relationships with cardiovascular, liver, and kidney diseases, T2DM is also associated with an increased risk of many cancers (3–5). Hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and inflammation provide the mechanistic link between T2DM and cancer occurrence, whereas risk factors shared by T2DM and cancer (e.g., obesity and dietary exposures such as processed foods and refined sugars) also likely contribute to this relationship (6, 7). Specifically, T2DM is associated with an increased risk of colorectal, pancreatic, hepatocellular, hepatobiliary, ovarian, and endometrial cancers (8). Knowledge of this heightened cancer risk has led to stronger guidance on routine cancer screening for patients receiving diabetes care (9).  \n1Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina. 2Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. 3Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. 4Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.  \nCorresponding Authors: Andrew D. Schreiner, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425. E-mail: [schrein@musc.edu](schrein@musc.edu); and Mulugeta Gebregziabher, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Charleston, SC [29425. E-mail:](29425. E-mail:gebregz@musc.edu)[gebregz@musc.edu](29425. E-mail:gebregz@musc.edu)  \n[doi:](doi: 10.1158/2767-9764)[ 10.1158/2767-9764](doi: 10.1158/2767-9764) .CRC-25-0037  \nThis open access article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.  \n©2025 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research  \nCuriously, the relationship between T2DM and prostate cancer does not adhere to the associations observed with other site-specific cancers ( 10)","cbCaiqcUljxzevRH","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqcUljxzevRH","pdf",2732189,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Materials and Methods\n## Study design and data source","[{\"question\":\"What relationship did the study examine between diabetes care and prostate cancer outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"The study assessed how time-varying glycemic control relates to time to prostate cancer–specific mortality in veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus.\"},{\"question\":\"How many veterans were included in the retrospective cohort?\",\"answer\":\"A total of 763,424 veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included.\"},{\"question\":\"What HbA1c ranges were compared for prostate cancer mortality risk?\",\"answer\":\"Models compared moderate glycemic control (HbA1c 7%–8%) and poor glycemic control (HbA1c \\u003e8%) against good glycemic control (HbA1c \\u003c7%).\"},{\"question\":\"Were results consistent across racial and ethnic groups?\",\"answer\":\"Subgroup analyses stratified by race and ethnicity found that moderate glycemic control was associated with lower prostate cancer mortality risk in non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black veterans.\"}]","Glycemic Control and Prostate Cancer Mortality Risk in Veterans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | PDF",1790199958,25]