[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-436920-105":59,"doc-detail-436920-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","glycemic-control-and-outcome-of-cancer-patients","Glycemic control and outcome of cancer patients","","Glycemic control in cancer patients is examined through the lens of the bidirectional relationship between diabetes mellitus and cancers, emphasizing metabolic dysregulation, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and signaling pathways that may drive tumor initiation and progression. Evidence is discussed for associations between type 2 diabetes and multiple cancer risks, prognosis, and treatment outcomes, while acknowledging controversial inverse links for some cancers. Focus is placed on a study evaluating hemoglobin A1c–stratified glycemic control and mortality in prostate cancer patients with and without diabetes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/glycemic-control-and-outcome-of-cancer-patients/436920/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/glycemic-control-and-outcome-of-cancer-patients/436920.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Chumphorn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does glycemic control relate to cancer outcomes in this article?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The discussion centers on how type 2 diabetes and its metabolic consequences influence cancer risk and prognosis, and how hemoglobin A1c levels are used to assess glycemic control. It highlights mortality differences in prostate cancer patients with diabetes across HbA1c strata.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What mechanisms are proposed to explain the diabetes–cancer association?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The text links hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hormonal imbalances, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and multiple signaling pathways to tumor initiation, development, and progression.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Do all cancers show the same direction of association with type 2 diabetes?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"No. The article notes that some cancers, such as prostate, renal, and ovarian cancer, have been reported as inversely associated with type 2 diabetes, although the findings are described as highly controversial.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},436920,1790790426,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":81,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":39,"preview_page_count":4},2336475401981,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c94efd8d5204d?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786935347598174694","J Chin MedAssoc  \nEditorial  \nGlycemic control and outcome of cancer patients  \nWen-Ling Leea,b,c, Fa-Kung Leed, Peng-Hui Wangc,e,f,g,*  \naDepartment of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; bDepartment of Nursing, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC; cInstitute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathy General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; eDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; fFemale Cancer Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; gDepartment of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC  \nDiabetes mellitus (DM) and cancers are two chronic and complex diseases that have become increasingly prevalent on a global scale and thus pose significant social and economic burderns.1 DM itself is a group of various metabolic diseases characterized by the presence of hyperglycemia, leasing to the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular, and cerebrovascular diseases), affects >450 million people in the world.2–5 Cancers are also a heterogeneous diseases and can be classified based on the site of origin, clinicopathological features, and molecular signature.2,6,7 Evidence shows the strong association between type 2 DM (T2DM) and many cancers, including risk, prognosis, and treatment, which is supported by numerous epidemiological studies and potential underlying pathophysiological features which propose to explain the causal relationship.2 Among the pathophysiological features, one of the most important discoveries is the identification of hallmarks of cancers, in which dysregulations of metabolic nature (an essential pathophysiology ofT2DM) is involved in cancer, including initiation, development, and progression.8 Other hormonal imbalances particularly of insulin/insulin-like growth factor (GH) and adiponectin/leptin, as well subsequent hyperinsulinemia (endogenous or exogenous) as well as hyperglycemia, immune response with a dramatical elevation of levels of proinflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor alpha, etc., as chronic inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress-related conditions (overproduction of reactive oxygen species, facilitation of protein oxidation, stimulation of free radical generators, and antioxidative enzymes) and possibly the effect of antidiabetic drugs used to treat T2DM are all contributing to a root cause ofthisT2DM-cancer association.2,9 Experimental evidence has shown that insulin and insulin-like GF promote tumor cell mitosis and proliferation and inhibit tumor apoptosis.2 Leptin mediates multiple signaling cascades involved in cancer cell survival and proliferation, such as induction of interleukin-6, signal  \n*Address Correspondence. Dr. Peng-Hui Wang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, [ROC. E-mail: phwang@vghtpe.gov.tw](ROC. E-mail: phwang@vghtpe.gov.tw); pongpongwang@ [gmail.com](gmail.com) (P.-H. Wang).  \nConflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the subject matter or materials discussed in this article.  \nJournal of Chinese Medical Association. (2022) 85: 265-267.  \nReceived October 12, 2021; accepted October 15, 2021.  \ndoi: 10. 1097/JCMA.0000000000000640.  \nCopyright © 2021, the Chinese Medical Association. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/)[ ](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/)[by-nc-nd/4.0/](by-nc-nd/4.0/))  \ntransducer, and activator of transcription-3, Src tyrosine kinase, focal adhesion kinase, phosphatidylinositide-3 kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and telomerase in different cancer settings.1 Although th","cbCaidqF5h5JQoQE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidqF5h5JQoQE","pdf",297499,"English","# Glycemic control and cancer outcomes\n## Diabetes-cancer links and mechanisms\n## Evidence and controversies\n## Glycemic control effects on prostate cancer mortality","[{\"question\":\"How does glycemic control relate to cancer outcomes in this article?\",\"answer\":\"The discussion centers on how type 2 diabetes and its metabolic consequences influence cancer risk and prognosis, and how hemoglobin A1c levels are used to assess glycemic control. It highlights mortality differences in prostate cancer patients with diabetes across HbA1c strata.\"},{\"question\":\"What mechanisms are proposed to explain the diabetes–cancer association?\",\"answer\":\"The text links hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hormonal imbalances, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and multiple signaling pathways to tumor initiation, development, and progression.\"},{\"question\":\"Do all cancers show the same direction of association with type 2 diabetes?\",\"answer\":\"No. The article notes that some cancers, such as prostate, renal, and ovarian cancer, have been reported as inversely associated with type 2 diabetes, although the findings are described as highly controversial.\"}]","Glycemic control and outcome of cancer patients | PDF",1790679443]