[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-341520-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-341520-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","glucocorticoids-in-lung-cancer-navigating-the-balance-between-immunosuppression-and-therapeutic-efficacy","Glucocorticoids in lung cancer - Navigating the balance between immunosuppression and therapeutic efficacy","","Glucocorticoids (GCs), adrenal hormones maintaining homeostasis, modulate diverse stress responses through the GC receptor (GR), with prominent effects on metabolism and immunity. Their impact on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of lung cancer (LC) is a central research focus. As immunosuppressive agents, GCs influence LC occurrence, progression, and treatment by both limiting tumor-supportive immunity and reducing the efficacy of immunebased therapies. This review summarizes their roles and mechanisms in the LC TIME.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/glucocorticoids-in-lung-cancer-navigating-the-balance-between-immunosuppression-and-therapeutic-efficacy/341520/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/glucocorticoids-in-lung-cancer-navigating-the-balance-between-immunosuppression-and-therapeutic-efficacy/341520.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Oliver","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What are glucocorticoids and how do they work biologically in lung cancer?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Glucocorticoids are adrenal hormones that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to regulate multiple pathophysiological processes, especially metabolism and immunity. In lung cancer, their immunological effects within the tumor immune microenvironment are emphasized.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How do glucocorticoids affect the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in lung cancer?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"In the lung cancer TIME, glucocorticoids are described as having dual effects: they can provide tumor-suppressive properties while simultaneously diminishing the efficacy of immunebased therapies. This balance is central to their overall role.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are highlighted in the review?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The review outlines key TME components in lung cancer, including tumor cells, immune cells (innate and adaptive), and the extracellular matrix (ECM). These elements interact to shape tumor progression and prognosis.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},341520,1790512507,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},8796095461610,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Heliyon 10 (2024) e32357  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nHeliyon  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon)[ www.cell.com/heliyon](homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon)  \n| Review article\u003Cbr>Glucocorticoids in lung cancer: Navigating the balance between immunosuppression and therapeutic efficacy\u003Cbr>Wenhui Xu 1 , Jinghong Ye 1 , Zhendong Cao , Yupei Zhao , Yimin Zhu ** , Lei Li *\u003Cbr>Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210017, China |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |\n| Keywords:\u003Cbr>Lung cancer\u003Cbr>Tumor microenvironment\u003Cbr>Glucocorticoids\u003Cbr>Tumor immunity\u003Cbr>Chronic airway inflammation |  | Glucocorticoids (GCs), a class of hormones secreted by the adrenal glands, are released into the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis and modulate responses to various stressors. These hormones function by binding to the widely expressed GC receptor (GR), thereby regulating a wide range of pathophysiological processes, especially in metabolism and immunity. The role of GCs in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of lung cancer (LC) has been a focal point of research. As immunosuppressive agents, GCs exert a crucial impact on the occurrence, progression, and treatment of LC. In the TIME of LC, GCs act as a constantly swinging pendulum, simultaneously offering tumor-suppressive properties while diminishing the efficacy of immunebased therapies. The present study reviews the role and mechanisms of GCs in the TIME of LC. |\n\n1. Composition and characteristics of tumor microenvironment (TME) in lung cancer (LC)  \n1.1. Composition of TME in LC  \nLC remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with non-small cell LC (NSCLC) accounting for 80–85 % of cases, where adenocarcinoma represents the predominant pathological type [1]. Furthermore, the 5-year survival rate for patients with LC remains below 50 %. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) prominently influences the robustness of anti-tumor immune responses through the spatial interactions among immune cells and between immune cells and other cell types [2]. These interactions are critically linked to tumor progression and the prognosis of LC, underscoring the importance of TIME in the therapeutic landscape [3,4].  \n1.1.1. Role of tumor cells in TME  \nTumor cells constitute the core component of the TME in LC, characterized by autonomous growth, unrestricted division, and evasion of immune surveillance [5]. LC cells can be categorized into several histological types, such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small-cell LC [6]. These different types of tumor cells exhibit variations in gene expression, signaling pathways, and sensitivity to treatment. The tumor has been studied as a complex organ, indicating that the tumor constituents (tumor cells) are not  \n* Corresponding author.  \n** Corresponding author.  \nE-mail addresses: [efy037@njucm.edu.cn](efy037@njucm.edu.cn) (Y. Zhu), [efy112@njucm.edu.cn](efy112@njucm.edu.cn) (L. Li).  \n1 Co-first author: Wenhui Xu and Jinghong Ye.  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32357](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32357)  \nReceived 22 March 2024; Received in revised form 3 June 2024; Accepted 3 June 2024 Available online 4 June 2024  \n2405-8440/© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license  \n([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)).  \ninherently malignant. Instead, they require the involvement of the tumor stroma (non-tumor cells) to facilitate tumorigenesis, including continuous inflammation [7,8]. In their initial stages, tumor cells guide the formation of vasculature in the TME to recruit nutrients, cell-derived vesicles, and immune cells, thereby facilitating the development of many cancer charac","cbCaihAfbDcd7hDb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihAfbDcd7hDb","pdf",2442034,15,"English","# Glucocorticoids in lung cancer: Navigating the balance between immunosuppression and therapeutic efficacy\n## Composition and characteristics of tumor microenvironment (TME) in lung cancer (LC)\n## Role of tumor cells in TME\n## Role of immune cells in TME\n## Role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in TME","[{\"question\":\"What are glucocorticoids and how do they work biologically in lung cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Glucocorticoids are adrenal hormones that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to regulate multiple pathophysiological processes, especially metabolism and immunity. In lung cancer, their immunological effects within the tumor immune microenvironment are emphasized.\"},{\"question\":\"How do glucocorticoids affect the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in lung cancer?\",\"answer\":\"In the lung cancer TIME, glucocorticoids are described as having dual effects: they can provide tumor-suppressive properties while simultaneously diminishing the efficacy of immunebased therapies. This balance is central to their overall role.\"},{\"question\":\"Which components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are highlighted in the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review outlines key TME components in lung cancer, including tumor cells, immune cells (innate and adaptive), and the extracellular matrix (ECM). These elements interact to shape tumor progression and prognosis.\"}]","Glucocorticoids in lung cancer - Navigating the balance between immunosuppression and therapeutic efficacy | PDF",1790042349,38]