[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-441911-105":59,"doc-detail-441911-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","global-perspectiveson-genetic-testing-among-nephrologists-letter-to-the-editor","Global Perspectiveson Genetic Testing Among Nephrologists - Letter to the Editor","","Genetic testing is highlighted as indispensable for modern nephrology, yet usage data remain limited across middle- and low-income nations. A survey of 297 nephrologists from 20 countries assessed ordering patterns, decision impact, and perceived barriers. Younger clinicians in lower-income settings ordered tests more often, while longer-experienced practitioners did so in high-income regions. High costs were widespread, while limited availability and lack of insurance were more prominent in lower-income countries. Interpretation confidence and formal training were limited.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/global-perspectiveson-genetic-testing-among-nephrologists-letter-to-the-editor/441911/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/global-perspectiveson-genetic-testing-among-nephrologists-letter-to-the-editor/441911.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Cipher","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is genetic testing considered important in nephrology?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Genetic testing refines diagnosis and guides patient management, making it indispensable to modern nephrology.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did ordering behavior differ between middle/low-income and high-income countries?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"In middle and low-income countries, younger nephrologists were more likely to order tests, while in high-income countries, practitioners with 10 to 20 years of experience were primary users.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What barriers most affected genetic test adoption?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"High costs were a universal concern. Limited test availability and lack of insurance coverage were more prominent in middle and low-income countries.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},441911,1792210682,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":24,"preview_page_count":4},687208528416,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","LETTER TO THE EDITOR  \nGlobal Perspectiveson Genetic Testing Among Nephrologists  \nTo the Editor: Genetic testing is indispensable to modern nephrology, refining diagnosis and guiding management.1 Although it is frequently used innephrology practice in high-income countries, limited data exist regarding its use in middle and low-income nations. A survey was conducted among 297 nephrologists from 20 countries, including 230 from middle and low-income countries and 67 from high-income countries (Supplementary Methods, Supplementary Table S1) . Most respondents were from India (57.91%, n = 172), followed by the USA (20.54%, n = 61), China (5.39%, n = 16), Nepal (5.05%, n = 15), and the UK (2.02%, n = 6) . Other countries represented included Kenya (1.68%, n = 5); Bangladesh and the United Arab Emirates (each 1.35%, n = 4); Cameroon and Egypt (each 0.67%, n = 2); and Sri Lanka, Australia, Singapore, the Philippines, Afghanistan, Somalia, Peru, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey (each 0.34%, n = 1) (Figure 1) . Among respondents, 92%(n = 62) from high-income countries and 80% (n = 179) from middle and low-income countries reported ordering genetic tests.  \nThese regional differences extended to practitioner experience; in middle and low-income countries, younger nephrologists were more likely to order tests, whereas in high-income countries, those with 10 to 20 years of experience were the primary users (Supplementary Figure S1) . Genetic testing altered treatment plans in 15% of cases, influenced decisions in 65%, and had no effect in 20% .  \nLimited test availability was more frequently reported in middle and low-income countries (62% vs. 38%; P \u003C 0.001), whereas high costs were the main  \nFigure 1. Location of respondents.  \nbarrier in both groups (64% vs. 61%; P = 0.65) . In middle and low-income countries, 56% reported no insurance coverage and 41% reported minimal coverage. In contrast, 55% of respondents from highincome countries reported majority coverage, 19% minority coverage, and 25% no coverage.  \nOnly 5% of nephrologists from middle and lowincome countries felt confident interpreting genetic results, compared with 19% from high-income countries (P \u003C 0.001) . Most nephrologists (71%) reported learning genetics independently, leading to knowledge gaps. Formal genetics training remains rare, with \u003C 10% receiving it during fellowship and even fewer completing dedicated courses.  \nDespite limitations of the study, the observed testordering patterns—by younger nephrologists in middle and low-income countries and more experienced practitioners in high-income countries—reflect disparities in training and resources2 (Supplementary limitations ofthe study) . Whereas high costs were a universal concern, limited test availability and lack of insurance coverage were more prominent issues in low-income countries.3,4 International collaboration is essential to integrate genetic testing in nephrology by addressing disparities through genetics education in fellowshipsand courses to enhance interpretation confidence, improved test availability via resource-sharing, and broader insurance coverage to ease financial barriers, especially in middle and low-income countries.  \nACKNOWLEDGMENTS  \nThe abstract has appeared in CJASN after it was presented at ASN Kidney week 2024.  \nCited as: George, Jaison1; Vachharajani, Tushar J.3; Wang, Xiangling2 . Nephrologists’ Views and Experience with Genetic Testing: Developing vs. Developed Countries: TH-PO527 . Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 35(10S):10.1681/ASN.2024zaz3rpqc, October  \n2024. [https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2024zaz3rpq](https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2024zaz3rpq).  \nSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL  \nSupplementary File (PDF)  \nSupplementary Methods.  \nSupplementary limitations of the study.  \nFigure S1 . Years of experience of respondents from lowincome versus high-income countries.  \nTable S1 . Results of the survey.  \n1. Knoers N, Antignac C, Bergmann C, et al. Genetic testing in the","cbCaivV9cErD9mh8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivV9cErD9mh8","pdf",341673,"English","# Letter to the Editor\n## Genetic testing usage and regional differences\n## Experience, treatment impact, and training\n## Barriers and proposed international collaboration\n## Acknowledgments and cited reference","[{\"question\":\"Why is genetic testing considered important in nephrology?\",\"answer\":\"Genetic testing refines diagnosis and guides patient management, making it indispensable to modern nephrology.\"},{\"question\":\"How did ordering behavior differ between middle/low-income and high-income countries?\",\"answer\":\"In middle and low-income countries, younger nephrologists were more likely to order tests, while in high-income countries, practitioners with 10 to 20 years of experience were primary users.\"},{\"question\":\"What barriers most affected genetic test adoption?\",\"answer\":\"High costs were a universal concern. Limited test availability and lack of insurance coverage were more prominent in middle and low-income countries.\"}]","Global Perspectiveson Genetic Testing Among Nephrologists - Letter to the Editor | PDF",1790698067]