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While high-income countries have progressed in prevention, early detection, and treatment, LMICs show higher incidence and mortality and poorer survival. In 2022, these cancers drove about 1.4 million new cases and over 600,000 deaths worldwide, largely concentrated in LMICs. The gap reflects limited access to care, weak cervical cancer screening, underdeveloped infrastructure, socioeconomic barriers, and shortages of trained specialists and diagnostic and treatment tools. Recommendations focus on HPV vaccination and screening expansion, timely diagnosis and treatment, and health-system strengthening through HIC–LMIC partnerships.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/global-disparities-in-gynecologic-cancer-outcomes-a-call-for-action/366540/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/global-disparities-in-gynecologic-cancer-outcomes-a-call-for-action/366540.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jasmine","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",15,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What main disparities affect gynecologic cancer outcomes between HICs and LMICs?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Incidence, mortality, and survival outcomes are markedly worse in LMICs than in high-income countries. The document links these disparities to unequal access to prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and supporting health systems.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which systemic factors drive higher incidence and mortality in LMICs?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The text highlights limited access to health care, absent or inadequate cervical cancer screening programs, underdeveloped healthcare infrastructure, socioeconomic barriers, and shortages of trained specialists and essential diagnostic and treatment tools.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What actions are recommended to improve equitable outcomes?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The recommendations emphasize expanding access to prevention (HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening), improving timely diagnosis and treatment, strengthening healthcare systems, and building partnerships between HICs and LMICs for expertise and resource sharing.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},366540,1790377963,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},2336478487870,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","DOI: 10. 1002/ijgo.70278  \nS U PPL E M E NT A RT I C L E  \nGlobal disparities in gynecologic cancer outcomes: A call for action  \nKenneth Ruzindana1,2  | Rose I. Anorlu3   \n1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda  \n2Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda  \n3Oncology and Pathological Studies Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria  \nCorrespondence  \nRose I. Anorlu, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, PMB 12003, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria.  \nEmail: [rianorlu2004@gmail.com](rianorlu2004@gmail.com)  \nAbstract  \nGynecologic cancers pose a substantial global health challenge, disproportionately affecting women in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) . Although high-income countries (HICs) have witnessed advancements in prevention, early detection, and treatment, LMICs continue to experience elevated incidence and mortality rates, coupled with diminished survival outcomes. In 2022, these cancers accounted for approximately 1.4 million new cases and over 600 000 deaths worldwide, concentrated primarily in LMICs. This disparity stems from a confluence of systemic factors, including limited access to health care, absent or inadequate cervical cancer screening programs, underdeveloped healthcare infrastructure, and socioeconomic barriers such as poverty and lack of health insurance. Furthermore, shortages of trained specialists, advanced diagnostic tools, and effective treatment modalities hinder care delivery in resource-constrained settings. This paper delves into the root causes of these disparities, exploring the systemic and structural obstacles impeding equitable gynecologic oncology care in LMICs. Evidence-based recommendations will focus on expanding access to preventative measures like HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening, enhancing timely diagnosis and treatment, and bolstering healthcare systems to address workforce and infrastructure deficits. Achieving equitable outcomes requires concerted global efforts to bridge resource gaps, prioritize health system reforms, and cultivate partnerships between HICs and LMICs for expertise and resource sharing. Ultimately, addressing these disparities is essential to ensure that all women, irrespective of geographic location or socioeconomic status, can access quality care, thereby mitigating the global burden of gynecologic cancers and improving survival.  \nK E Y WO R D S  \naccess to care, gynecologic cancers, health disparities, low-and middle-income countries (LMICs)  \n1 | INTRODUCTION  \nGynecologic cancers, encompassing malignancies of the cervix, ovaries, uterus, and other reproductive organs, present a significant global health challenge.1 Although they affect women worldwide,  \nthe burden of these diseases is unevenly distributed, with stark disparities in incidence, mortality, and survival rates observed between high-income countries (HICs) and low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) . This inequitable distribution underscores a critical global health concern.1–4  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.  \n© 2025 The Author(s) . International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.  \n[210](210 | wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ijgo)[ |](210 | wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ijgo)[ wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ijgo](210 | wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ijgo) Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2025;171(Suppl. 1):210–220 .  \nGlobally, gynecologic cancers account for a substantial proportion of new cancer cases and cancer-related deaths among women. The distribution ","cbCaipK4xKMCv6G2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipK4xKMCv6G2","pdf",2119866,11,"English","# Introduction\n## Disparities in burden and outcomes\n## Contributing systemic factors\n## Health system and resource inequities","[{\"question\":\"What main disparities affect gynecologic cancer outcomes between HICs and LMICs?\",\"answer\":\"Incidence, mortality, and survival outcomes are markedly worse in LMICs than in high-income countries. The document links these disparities to unequal access to prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and supporting health systems.\"},{\"question\":\"Which systemic factors drive higher incidence and mortality in LMICs?\",\"answer\":\"The text highlights limited access to health care, absent or inadequate cervical cancer screening programs, underdeveloped healthcare infrastructure, socioeconomic barriers, and shortages of trained specialists and essential diagnostic and treatment tools.\"},{\"question\":\"What actions are recommended to improve equitable outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"The recommendations emphasize expanding access to prevention (HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening), improving timely diagnosis and treatment, strengthening healthcare systems, and building partnerships between HICs and LMICs for expertise and resource sharing.\"}]","Global disparities in gynecologic cancer outcomes - A call for action | PDF",1790166028,28]